AMS 5385 ROUND BAR MANUFACTURING GUIDE: STELLITE 21, UNS R30021 COBALT ALLOY, INTERNATIONAL EQUIVALENTS, STANDARDS, APPLICATIONS & PRODUCTION AMS 5385 ROUND BAR MANUFACTURING – COMPLETE GUIDE TO STELLITE 21 / COBALT ALLOY 21 AMS 5385 ROUND BAR, STELLITE 21 ROUND BAR, UNS R30021 ROUND BAR, COBALT ALLOY 21 BAR, AND COCRMO ALLOY BAR ARE FREQUENTLY USED SEARCH TERMS FOR A HIGH-PERFORMANCE COBALT-BASED ALLOY USED IN DEMANDING WEAR, CORROSION AND HIGH-TEMPERATURE ENVIRONMENTS. HOWEVER, AN IMPORTANT TECHNICAL DISTINCTION MUST BE MADE WHEN SPECIFYING THE MATERIAL. SAE AMS 5385J COVERS CORROSION- AND HEAT-RESISTANT COBALT ALLOY INVESTMENT CASTINGS, NOT CONVENTIONAL WROUGHT ROUND BAR. THE CURRENT AMS 5385J DESIGNATION IDENTIFIES THE ALLOY AS APPROXIMATELY 62% COBALT, 27% CHROMIUM, 2.8% NICKEL AND 5.5% MOLYBDENUM, WITH THE SPECIFICATION COVERING INVESTMENT CASTINGS IN THE AS-CAST CONDITION. FOR STELLITE 21 ROD AND WIRE, THE APPLICABLE AMS DESIGNATION IS AMS 5819) PARMANU DHATU NIGAM STELLITE TECHNICAL DATA IDENTIFIES UNS R30021 FOR ROD/CASTINGS, AMS 5385 FOR CASTINGS, AND AMS 5819 FOR ROD AND WIRE. THIS DISTINCTION IS PARTICULARLY IMPORTANT FOR MANUFACTURERS, EXPORTERS, PROCUREMENT ENGINEERS AND BUYERS SEARCHING FOR AMS 5385 ROUND BARS, BECAUSE THE MATERIAL FAMILY MAY BE CORRECT WHILE THE REQUESTED PRODUCT-FORM SPECIFICATION IS NOT. WHAT IS AMS 5385? AMS 5385 IS A SAE AEROSPACE MATERIAL SPECIFICATION ASSOCIATED WITH A CORROSION- AND HEAT-RESISTANT COBALT-BASE INVESTMENT-CASTING ALLOY COMMONLY IDENTIFIED WITH STELLITE 21. THE LATEST IDENTIFIED REVISION IS: • AMS 5385J • COBALT-BASE ALLOY • CORROSION AND HEAT RESISTANT • INVESTMENT CASTINGS • APPROXIMATELY 62CO–27CR–2.8NI–5.5MO • AS-CAST PRODUCT CONDITION • COMMONLY ASSOCIATED WITH STELLITE 21 • UNS: R30021 SAE RECORDS SHOW THAT THE SPECIFICATION ORIGINATED IN 1947 AND HAS UNDERGONE MULTIPLE REVISIONS, INCLUDING AMS 5385A THROUGH AMS 5385J. AMS 5385 CURRENT SPECIFICATION STATUS THE HISTORICAL DESIGNATION AMS 5385 HAS EVOLVED THROUGH MULTIPLE REVISIONS. THE CURRENT SAE LISTING IDENTIFIES AMS 5385J, REVISED IN JULY 2025) THEREFORE, PURCHASE ORDERS AND MATERIAL CERTIFICATES SHOULD IDENTIFY THE EXACT REVISION REQUIRED BY THE CUSTOMER'S DRAWING, ENGINEERING SPECIFICATION OR QUALITY SYSTEM. AMS 5385 VS STELLITE 21 ROUND BAR ONE OF THE MOST IMPORTANT POINTS FOR BUYERS IS UNDERSTANDING PRODUCT FORM. REQUIREMENT- APPROPRIATE DESIGNATION STELLITE 21 INVESTMENT CASTING AMS 5385 STELLITE 21 CAST ALLOY UNS R30021 / AMS 5385 STELLITE 21 ROD AMS 5819 / UNS R30021 STELLITE 21 WIRE AMS 5819 STELLITE 21 WELDING ROD AWS A5.21 / ERCOCR-E, WHERE APPLICABLE STELLITE 21 WELDING WIRE AWS A5.21 / ERCCOCR-E, WHERE APPLICABLE STELLITE 21 ELECTRODE AWS A5.13 / ECOCR-E, WHERE APPLICABLE PARMANU DHATU NIGAM PUBLISHED STELLITE 21 SPECIFICATION CROSS-REFERENCE EXPLICITLY LISTS AMS 5385 FOR CASTINGS AND AMS 5819 FOR ROD AND WIRE. THEREFORE, A TECHNICALLY PRECISE PRODUCT DESCRIPTION IS: “STELLITE 21 / UNS R30021 ROUND BAR OR ROD MANUFACTURED TO THE APPLICABLE ROD SPECIFICATION, AMS 5819, RATHER THAN DESCRIBING A WROUGHT ROUND BAR AS AMS 5385.” STELLITE 21 / UNS R30021 ALLOY STELLITE 21 IS A COBALT-CHROMIUM-MOLYBDENUM ALLOY CONTAINING A COBALT-RICH MATRIX WITH DISPERSED COMPLEX CARBIDES. TYPICAL PUBLISHED COMPOSITION RANGES INCLUDE: ELEMENT - TYPICAL / NOMINAL RANGE COBALT BALANCE CHROMIUM 26–29% MOLYBDENUM 4.5–6.0% NICKEL <3.0% CARBON <0.35% OTHER ELEMENTS FE, SI, MN PARMANU DHATU NIGAM REPORTS A NOMINAL STELLITE 21 CHEMISTRY OF CO BALANCE, CR 26–29%, MO 4.5–6.0%, C BELOW 0.35% AND NI BELOW 3.0%. THE RELATIVELY LOW CARBON CONTENT DIFFERENTIATES STELLITE 21 FROM SEVERAL HIGHER-CARBIDE COBALT HARDFACING GRADES. ITS MICROSTRUCTURE COMBINES A COBALT-RICH MATRIX WITH COMPLEX CARBIDES, PROVIDING A USEFUL BALANCE OF CORROSION RESISTANCE, THERMAL/MECHANICAL SHOCK RESISTANCE, WEAR RESISTANCE AND TOUGHNESS. STELLITE 21 ROUND BAR MANUFACTURING PROCESS WHEN STELLITE 21 IS REQUIRED AS BAR OR ROD RATHER THAN AS AN AMS 5385 CASTING, THE MANUFACTURING ROUTE DEPENDS ON THE SPECIFIED PRODUCT FORM. A TYPICAL PRODUCTION SEQUENCE CAN INCLUDE: 1) RAW MATERIAL SELECTION HIGH-PURITY COBALT, CHROMIUM, MOLYBDENUM, NICKEL AND CONTROLLED ALLOY ADDITIONS ARE SELECTED ACCORDING TO THE APPLICABLE MATERIAL SPECIFICATION. CHEMICAL CONTROL IS CRITICAL BECAUSE SMALL VARIATIONS IN CARBON, CHROMIUM, MOLYBDENUM AND OTHER ELEMENTS CAN INFLUENCE CARBIDE FORMATION, HARDNESS, CORROSION PERFORMANCE AND MACHINABILITY. 2) CHARGE PREPARATION THE RAW MATERIALS ARE WEIGHED AND PREPARED ACCORDING TO THE APPROVED MELT RECIPE. TRACEABILITY IS NORMALLY ESTABLISHED AT THE HEAT OR MELT LEVEL SO THAT CHEMICAL ANALYSIS AND SUBSEQUENT TESTING CAN BE LINKED TO THE FINISHED PRODUCT. 3) CONTROLLED MELTING COBALT ALLOYS REQUIRE CAREFULLY CONTROLLED MELTING BECAUSE OXIDATION, CONTAMINATION AND UNWANTED INCLUSIONS CAN AFFECT THE FINAL METALLURGICAL QUALITY. DEPENDING ON THE MANUFACTURING ROUTE, PRODUCERS MAY USE CONTROLLED ATMOSPHERIC MELTING, VACUUM MELTING OR OTHER SPECIALIZED MELTING PRACTICES. 4) ALLOY HOMOGENIZATION THE MOLTEN ALLOY IS MIXED SUFFICIENTLY TO PROMOTE CHEMICAL UNIFORMITY BEFORE CASTING. TEMPERATURE CONTROL IS IMPORTANT BECAUSE COBALT-CHROMIUM-MOLYBDENUM ALLOYS HAVE RELATIVELY HIGH MELTING TEMPERATURES. 5) CASTING OR PRIMARY CONSOLIDATION FOR AMS 5385, THE SPECIFIED MANUFACTURING ROUTE IS INVESTMENT CASTING. THE INVESTMENT CASTING PROCESS GENERALLY INCLUDES: 1. PATTERN PRODUCTION 2. CERAMIC SHELL FORMATION 3. WAX REMOVAL 4. PREHEATING 5. CONTROLLED ALLOY POURING 6. SOLIDIFICATION 7. SHELL REMOVAL 8. CUT-OFF AND FINISHING 9. INSPECTION SAE SPECIFICALLY IDENTIFIES AMS 5385J AS AN INVESTMENT-CASTING SPECIFICATION. FOR ROD/BAR PRODUCTS, THE PRODUCER SHOULD INSTEAD MANUFACTURE TO THE APPLICABLE PRODUCT-FORM SPECIFICATION AND AGREED MANUFACTURING ROUTE. 6) HEAT TREATMENT STELLITE 21 CAN BE HEAT TREATED WHEN THE REQUIRED PRODUCT CONDITION CALLS FOR IT. PARMANU DHATU NIGAM REPORTS THAT OPTIMUM HIGH-TEMPERATURE STRENGTH CAN BE DEVELOPED USING SOLUTION TREATMENT AT APPROXIMATELY 1200–1240°C, FOLLOWED BY QUENCHING AND AGING WITHIN A BROAD 700–1150°C RANGE DEPENDING ON THE REQUIRED CONDITION AND APPLICATION. HEAT TREATMENT MUST NOT BE COPIED GENERICALLY FROM A DATASHEET INTO A PURCHASE SPECIFICATION. THE ACTUAL CYCLE SHOULD BE CONTROLLED ACCORDING TO THE APPLICABLE MATERIAL SPECIFICATION, PRODUCT FORM AND APPROVED MANUFACTURING PROCEDURE. 7) SURFACE CONDITIONING AFTER CONSOLIDATION OR CASTING, THE MATERIAL MAY UNDERGO: • TURNING • GRINDING • CENTERLESS GRINDING • POLISHING • DIMENSIONAL CORRECTION • SCALE REMOVAL • DEBURRING BECAUSE STELLITE 21 IS RELATIVELY WEAR RESISTANT AND CAN WORK HARDEN, MACHINING REQUIRES APPROPRIATE TOOLING AND PROCESS CONTROL. 8) DIMENSIONAL INSPECTION ROUND BAR OR ROD PRODUCTS ARE INSPECTED FOR: • DIAMETER • ROUNDNESS • STRAIGHTNESS • LENGTH • SURFACE CONDITION • DIMENSIONAL TOLERANCES • END CONDITION PRECISION-GROUND PRODUCTS MAY BE SUPPLIED TO TIGHTER CUSTOMER-SPECIFIED TOLERANCES. 9) METALLURGICAL AND CHEMICAL INSPECTION TYPICAL QUALITY-CONTROL DOCUMENTATION CAN INCLUDE: • HEAT NUMBER • CHEMICAL ANALYSIS • POSITIVE MATERIAL IDENTIFICATION • HARDNESS • MECHANICAL TESTING WHERE APPLICABLE • METALLOGRAPHIC EXAMINATION • NON-DESTRUCTIVE TESTING WHEN SPECIFIED • DIMENSIONAL INSPECTION • CERTIFICATE OF CONFORMITY WHY STELLITE 21 IS USED FOR HIGH-PERFORMANCE COMPONENTS STELLITE 21 PROVIDES A COMBINATION OF PROPERTIES THAT MAKES IT ATTRACTIVE WHERE CONVENTIONAL STEELS OR STAINLESS STEELS MAY EXPERIENCE EXCESSIVE WEAR, GALLING, CORROSION OR THERMAL DEGRADATION. ITS MAJOR PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS INCLUDE: CORROSION RESISTANCE THE CHROMIUM-RICH COMPOSITION PROVIDES STRONG CORROSION RESISTANCE IN MANY AGGRESSIVE ENVIRONMENTS. WEAR RESISTANCE THE HARD CARBIDE PHASES PROVIDE RESISTANCE TO WEAR AND EROSION. GALLING RESISTANCE COBALT-BASED ALLOYS ARE FREQUENTLY SELECTED FOR APPLICATIONS WHERE ADHESIVE WEAR AND GALLING ARE CONCERNS. HIGH-TEMPERATURE PERFORMANCE STELLITE 21 MAINTAINS USEFUL PROPERTIES AT ELEVATED TEMPERATURES AND IS USED IN HIGH-TEMPERATURE WEAR APPLICATIONS. THERMAL AND MECHANICAL SHOCK RESISTANCE PARMANU DHATU NIGAM SPECIFICALLY IDENTIFIES STELLITE 21 AS HAVING EXCELLENT RESISTANCE TO THERMAL AND MECHANICAL SHOCK. STELLITE 21 HARDNESS PUBLISHED STELLITE 21 DATA COMMONLY GIVES APPROXIMATELY: 27–40 HRC OR APPROXIMATELY: 290–430 HV DEPENDING ON CONDITION AND MEASUREMENT. PARMANU DHATU NIGAM ALSO REPORTS THAT WORK HARDENING CAN INCREASE SURFACE HARDNESS TO APPROXIMATELY 550 HV / 48 HRC. HARDNESS SHOULD ALWAYS BE SPECIFIED TOGETHER WITH PRODUCT FORM AND MATERIAL CONDITION BECAUSE CAST, WROUGHT, DEPOSITED AND HEAT-TREATED MATERIAL CAN EXHIBIT DIFFERENT PROPERTIES. STELLITE 21 DENSITY AND MELTING RANGE TYPICAL PUBLISHED VALUES INCLUDE: • DENSITY: APPROXIMATELY 8.33 G/CM³ • MELTING RANGE: APPROXIMATELY 1295–1435°C • HARDNESS: APPROXIMATELY 27–40 HRC THESE VALUES ARE USEFUL FOR ENGINEERING CALCULATIONS, BUT THE APPLICABLE MATERIAL SPECIFICATION AND CERTIFIED MATERIAL TEST REPORT SHOULD TAKE PRECEDENCE FOR CONTRACTUAL REQUIREMENTS. AMS 5385 STELLITE 21 INTERNATIONAL NAMES AND EQUIVALENT DESIGNATIONS THE FOLLOWING TERMINOLOGY CAN BE ENCOUNTERED IN INTERNATIONAL PURCHASING AND ENGINEERING DOCUMENTATION. REGION / SYSTEM - DESIGNATION / TERMINOLOGY SAE / AMS: AMS 5385 / AMS 5385J – INVESTMENT CASTINGS SAE / AMS ROD & WIRE: AMS 5819 UNS R30021 COMMERCIAL NAME: STELLITE 21 HISTORICAL/COMMON NAME: STELLITE 8 ALLOY DESCRIPTION: COBALT-CHROMIUM-MOLYBDENUM ALLOY COMMON SHORTHAND: COBALT ALLOY 21 / CO ALLOY 21 WELDING ROD CLASSIFICATION: AWS A5.21 ERCOCR-E WELDING WIRE CLASSIFICATION: AWS A5.21 ERCCOCR-E WELDING ELECTRODE: AWS A5.13 ECOCR-E ASME WELDING SPECIFICATION: ASME BPVC SECTION II, PART C SFA 5.21 / SFA 5.13, WHERE APPLICABLE PARMANU DHATU NIGAM IDENTIFIES STELLITE 21 WITH UNS R30021 AND LISTS AMS 5385, AMS 5819, AWS A5.21 AND AWS A5.13 PRODUCT CLASSIFICATIONS. COMMON NAMES FOR AMS 5385 / STELLITE 21 GLOBAL BUYERS MAY SEARCH FOR THE MATERIAL USING DIFFERENT NAMES. HIGH-VALUE TERMINOLOGY INCLUDES: • AMS 5385 • AMS 5385J • AMS5385 • AMS5385J • STELLITE 21 • STELLITE 21 ALLOY • STELLITE 21 ROUND BAR • STELLITE 21 BAR • STELLITE 21 ROD • STELLITE 21 CASTING • STELLITE 21 INVESTMENT CASTING • STELLITE GRADE 21 • COBALT ALLOY 21 • COBALT ALLOY 21 ROUND BAR • COBALT 21 • ALLOY 21 • CO ALLOY 21 • COCRMO ALLOY • COBALT CHROMIUM MOLYBDENUM ALLOY • UNS R30021 • R30021 COBALT ALLOY • R30021 ROUND BAR • R30021 ROD • COBALT ROUND BAR • COBALT ALLOY BAR • COBALT ALLOY ROD • COBALT CHROME MOLYBDENUM BAR • COCRMO ROUND BAR • STELLITE 21 WELDING ROD • ERCOCR-E • STELLITE 21 FILLER ROD STELLITE 21 TRADE NAMES AND BRAND NAMES STELLITE IS A COMMERCIAL/TRADE NAME ASSOCIATED WITH DELORO STELLITE AND IS NOW ASSOCIATED WITH PARMANU DHATU NIGAM STELLITE BUSINESS. STELLITE 21 IS THE MOST IMPORTANT COMMERCIAL DESIGNATION FOR THE AMS 5385 ALLOY FAMILY. HISTORICAL REFERENCES CAN ALSO IDENTIFY THE ALLOY AS STELLITE 8) PARMANU DHATU NIGAM CURRENT TECHNICAL INFORMATION STATES THAT STELLITE 21 WAS PREVIOUSLY KNOWN AS STELLITE 8. OTHER MANUFACTURERS MAY USE GENERIC DESCRIPTIONS SUCH AS: • COBALT ALLOY 21 • COCRMO 21 • ALLOY 21 • COCRMO COBALT ALLOY • COBALT-BASED WEAR ALLOY • COBALT CHROMIUM MOLYBDENUM ALLOY A GENERIC SUPPLIER DESIGNATION SHOULD NOT AUTOMATICALLY BE ASSUMED TO BE EQUIVALENT TO AMS 5385J. THE CHEMISTRY, PRODUCT FORM, CONDITION AND CERTIFICATION MUST BE CHECKED. IMPORTANT EQUIVALENT AND SIMILAR MATERIALS UNS R30021 UNS R30021 IS THE PRINCIPAL UNS DESIGNATION ASSOCIATED WITH STELLITE 21 CASTINGS AND RODS. AMS 5819 FOR ROD AND WIRE APPLICATIONS, AMS 5819 IS THE RELEVANT AMS DESIGNATION IDENTIFIED BY PARMANU DHATU NIGAM FOR STELLITE 21. ASTM F75 STELLITE 21 IS SOMETIMES DESCRIBED COMMERCIALLY AS BEING SIMILAR TO OR RELATED TO ASTM F75 COBALT-CHROMIUM-MOLYBDENUM IMPLANT ALLOY. HOWEVER, ASTM F75 SHOULD NOT BE TREATED AS AUTOMATICALLY INTERCHANGEABLE WITH AMS 5385. ASTM F75 AND ISO 5832-4 ADDRESS COBALT-CHROMIUM-MOLYBDENUM ALLOYS FOR SURGICAL IMPLANT APPLICATIONS, WHILE AMS 5385 ADDRESSES AN AEROSPACE/INDUSTRIAL CORROSION- AND HEAT-RESISTANT INVESTMENT-CASTING ALLOY. CONSEQUENTLY, A BUYER SHOULD NEVER SUBSTITUTE ASTM F75 FOR AMS 5385 MERELY BECAUSE BOTH ARE CO-CR-MO ALLOY SYSTEMS. INTERNATIONAL EQUIVALENT CLAIMS REQUIRE CARE SOME COMMERCIAL SOURCES LIST EUROPEAN OR NATIONAL DESIGNATIONS SUCH AS WERKSTOFF 2.4979, DIN/EN DESIGNATIONS OR NATIONAL COCRMO GRADES ALONGSIDE STELLITE 21) HOWEVER, THESE SHOULD BE TREATED AS CROSS-REFERENCE OR SIMILAR-MATERIAL DESIGNATIONS, NOT AUTOMATIC ONE-TO-ONE REPLACEMENTS FOR AMS 5385J. FOR AEROSPACE, PETROCHEMICAL, POWER-GENERATION OR SAFETY-CRITICAL PROCUREMENT, THE EXACT STANDARD CALLED OUT ON THE ENGINEERING DRAWING SHOULD GOVERN. AWS AND ASME STELLITE 21 WELDING SPECIFICATIONS STELLITE 21 IS ALSO ENCOUNTERED IN WELDING AND HARDFACING APPLICATIONS. COMMON CLASSIFICATIONS INCLUDE: AWS A5.21 ERCOCR-E — COBALT ALLOY BARE ROD CLASSIFICATION. ERCCOCR-E — COBALT ALLOY WIRE CLASSIFICATION. AWS A5.13 ECOCR-E — COBALT ALLOY COVERED ELECTRODE CLASSIFICATION. CORRESPONDING ASME BPVC SECTION II, PART C SFA SPECIFICATIONS MAY BE REQUIRED FOR ASME-CODE APPLICATIONS. PARMANU DHATU NIGAM LISTS THESE AWS/ASME CLASSIFICATIONS FOR STELLITE 21 PRODUCTS. STELLITE 21 ROUND BAR APPLICATIONS STELLITE 21 IS USED IN APPLICATIONS REQUIRING A COMBINATION OF CORROSION RESISTANCE, WEAR RESISTANCE, HIGH-TEMPERATURE CAPABILITY AND RESISTANCE TO THERMAL/MECHANICAL SHOCK. TYPICAL APPLICATIONS INCLUDE: OIL & GAS • VALVE TRIM • VALVE SEATS • CHOKES • PUMP COMPONENTS • SOUR-SERVICE COMPONENTS • EROSION-RESISTANT SURFACES PETROCHEMICAL INDUSTRY • VALVE COMPONENTS • PUMP COMPONENTS • SEALING SURFACES • WEAR-RESISTANT COMPONENTS POWER GENERATION • VALVE TRIM • HIGH-TEMPERATURE COMPONENTS • EROSION-RESISTANT PARTS • WEAR SURFACES INDUSTRIAL VALVES • VALVE SEATS • PLUGS • BALLS • STEMS • BUSHINGS • SEALING SURFACES FORGING INDUSTRY • FORGING DIES • HOT STAMPING DIES • DIE REPAIR • WEAR-RESISTANT TOOLING PARMANU DHATU NIGAM SPECIFICALLY IDENTIFIES VALVE TRIM FOR PETROCHEMICAL AND POWER-GENERATION APPLICATIONS AND NOTES USE IN FORGING AND HOT-STAMPING DIES. STELLITE 21 MANUFACTURING CHALLENGES MANUFACTURING THIS COBALT ALLOY REQUIRES SPECIALIZED PROCESS CONTROL. CARBIDE CONTROL THE SIZE, MORPHOLOGY AND DISTRIBUTION OF CARBIDE PHASES INFLUENCE WEAR RESISTANCE, DUCTILITY AND MACHINING RESPONSE. CASTING QUALITY INVESTMENT CASTING REQUIRES CONTROL OF: • MOLD TEMPERATURE • POURING TEMPERATURE • SOLIDIFICATION • FEEDING • GAS CONTAMINATION • SHRINKAGE • INCLUSIONS MACHINING STELLITE 21 CAN BE DIFFICULT TO MACHINE COMPARED WITH CONVENTIONAL STEELS BECAUSE OF ITS HARDNESS AND WORK-HARDENING CHARACTERISTICS. HEAT TREATMENT IMPROPER HEAT TREATMENT CAN ALTER MICROSTRUCTURE AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES. SURFACE FINISH GRINDING AND OTHER FINISHING OPERATIONS NEED CONTROLLED PARAMETERS TO PREVENT EXCESSIVE HEAT GENERATION OR SURFACE DAMAGE. QUALITY INSPECTION FOR STELLITE 21 ROUND BAR A PROFESSIONAL SUPPLY PROGRAM MAY INCLUDE: CHEMICAL ANALYSIS VERIFICATION OF: • CO • CR • MO • NI • C • FE • SI • MN POSITIVE MATERIAL IDENTIFICATION PMI MAY BE PERFORMED USING APPROPRIATE ANALYTICAL EQUIPMENT. HARDNESS TESTING ROCKWELL OR VICKERS TESTING CAN BE USED ACCORDING TO THE SPECIFIED PRODUCT STANDARD AND TEST METHOD. DIMENSIONAL INSPECTION VERIFICATION OF: • DIAMETER • LENGTH • STRAIGHTNESS • ROUNDNESS • SURFACE FINISH NON-DESTRUCTIVE TESTING DEPENDING ON APPLICATION AND CUSTOMER REQUIREMENTS: • ULTRASONIC TESTING • DYE PENETRANT TESTING • RADIOGRAPHIC TESTING • VISUAL INSPECTION METALLOGRAPHIC TESTING WHERE REQUIRED, MICROSTRUCTURAL EXAMINATION CAN EVALUATE CARBIDE MORPHOLOGY, POROSITY AND OTHER METALLURGICAL FEATURES. MATERIAL CERTIFICATION A CERTIFICATE CAN INCLUDE: • MANUFACTURER • HEAT NUMBER • PRODUCT DESIGNATION • APPLICABLE SPECIFICATION • CHEMICAL ANALYSIS • MECHANICAL PROPERTIES • HARDNESS • HEAT-TREATMENT CONDITION • INSPECTION RESULTS • TRACEABILITY AMS 5385 MATERIAL CERTIFICATE REQUIREMENTS FOR A CRITICAL ORDER, THE PURCHASE SPECIFICATION SHOULD CLEARLY STATE: MATERIAL: STELLITE 21 / UNS R30021 PRODUCT FORM: INVESTMENT CASTING, ROD, BAR OR WIRE SPECIFICATION: AMS 5385J FOR APPLICABLE CASTINGS, OR AMS 5819 FOR APPLICABLE ROD/WIRE CONDITION: AS-CAST OR SPECIFIED HEAT-TREATED CONDITION DIMENSIONS: DIAMETER × LENGTH SURFACE: AS-CAST, MACHINED, TURNED, GROUND OR POLISHED TESTING: CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, HARDNESS, NDT AND MECHANICAL TESTING WHERE REQUIRED DOCUMENTATION: MATERIAL TEST CERTIFICATE AND TRACEABILITY DOCUMENTATION THIS PREVENTS A COMMON PURCHASING ERROR IN WHICH A SUPPLIER QUOTES AN AMS 5385 CASTING ALLOY WHEN THE BUYER ACTUALLY REQUIRES A ROD OR ROUND-BAR PRODUCT. AMS 5385 ROUND BAR SIZES THERE IS NO UNIVERSAL “AMS 5385 ROUND BAR SIZE RANGE” BECAUSE AMS 5385 IS A CASTING SPECIFICATION RATHER THAN A STANDARD WROUGHT-ROUND-BAR DIMENSIONAL SPECIFICATION. FOR A STELLITE 21 ROD OR ROUND-BAR REQUIREMENT, THE PURCHASER SHOULD SPECIFY: • OUTSIDE DIAMETER • LENGTH • PRODUCT FORM • MANUFACTURING ROUTE • SURFACE FINISH • STRAIGHTNESS • TOLERANCE • MATERIAL CONDITION • APPLICABLE SPECIFICATION FOR CUSTOM CAST OR MACHINED COMPONENTS, DIMENSIONS CAN INSTEAD BE ESTABLISHED BY DRAWING. STELLITE 21 ROUND BAR VS STELLITE 6 STELLITE 21 AND STELLITE 6 ARE BOTH COBALT-BASED ALLOYS BUT HAVE DIFFERENT ALLOYING STRATEGIES AND PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS. STELLITE 21 UNS R30021 MAIN ALLOY SYSTEM: CO-CR-MO CARBON: RELATIVELY LOW CARBIDE SYSTEM: CO-CR-MO-RICH COMPLEX CARBIDES CORROSION RESISTANCE: EXCELLENT THERMAL/MECHANICAL SHOCK: EXCELLENT WEAR RESISTANCE: HIGH TYPICAL USE: CORROSION + WEAR + SHOCK AMS CASTING SPECIFICATION: AMS 5385 ROD/WIRE SPECIFICATION: AMS 5819 STELLITE 6 UNS R30006 MAIN ALLOY SYSTEM: CO-CR-W CARBON: HIGHER CARBIDE SYSTEM: HIGHER CARBIDE FRACTION CORROSION RESISTANCE: EXCELLENT THERMAL/MECHANICAL SHOCK: GOOD WEAR RESISTANCE: VERY HIGH TYPICAL USE: SEVERE WEAR/ABRASION AMS CASTING SPECIFICATION: AMS 5387 ROD/WIRE SPECIFICATION: DIFFERENT SPECIFICATIONS MAY APPLY THE TWO GRADES SHOULD NOT BE TREATED AS INTERCHANGEABLE SIMPLY BECAUSE BOTH ARE CALLED STELLITE. STELLITE 21 VS STAINLESS STEEL STELLITE 21 IS SELECTED WHEN THE APPLICATION REQUIRES PERFORMANCE BEYOND THAT NORMALLY PROVIDED BY COMMON STAINLESS STEELS. ADVANTAGES CAN INCLUDE: • BETTER GALLING RESISTANCE • HIGH WEAR RESISTANCE • STRONG CORROSION RESISTANCE • HIGH-TEMPERATURE CAPABILITY • GOOD RESISTANCE TO THERMAL SHOCK • ABILITY TO MAINTAIN USEFUL HARDNESS AT ELEVATED TEMPERATURES THE DISADVANTAGE IS USUALLY COST AND MACHINING DIFFICULTY. THEREFORE, STELLITE 21 IS NORMALLY SELECTED FOR A SPECIFIC PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENT RATHER THAN AS A GENERAL-PURPOSE STRUCTURAL METAL. STELLITE 21 VS NICKEL ALLOYS NICKEL-BASED SUPERALLOYS AND COBALT-BASED ALLOYS CAN OVERLAP IN HIGH-TEMPERATURE APPLICATIONS, BUT THEIR BEHAVIOR DIFFERS. STELLITE 21 IS PARTICULARLY ATTRACTIVE WHERE THE COMBINATION OF: CORROSION + WEAR + GALLING + EROSION + THERMAL/MECHANICAL SHOCK IS MORE IMPORTANT THAN MAXIMUM TENSILE STRENGTH ALONE. THE APPROPRIATE ALLOY SHOULD BE SELECTED ACCORDING TO TEMPERATURE, ENVIRONMENT, LOADING, WEAR MECHANISM, CORROSION MECHANISM AND REQUIRED PRODUCT FORM. KEYWORD CLUSTER FOR AMS 5385 AND STELLITE 21 THE FOLLOWING KEYWORD GROUPS ARE SUITABLE FOR GLOBAL SEARCH. PRIMARY KEYWORDS • AMS 5385 • AMS 5385J • AMS 5385 ROUND BAR • STELLITE 21 ROUND BAR • STELLITE 21 BAR • STELLITE 21 ROD • UNS R30021 • COBALT ALLOY 21 • STELLITE 21 ALLOY • COBALT ALLOY ROUND BAR HIGH-INTENT BUYER KEYWORDS • STELLITE 21 ROUND BAR SUPPLIER • STELLITE 21 ROUND BAR MANUFACTURER • STELLITE 21 BAR MANUFACTURER • STELLITE 21 ROD SUPPLIER • UNS R30021 ROUND BAR SUPPLIER • UNS R30021 ROD MANUFACTURER • AMS 5385 CASTING MANUFACTURER • AMS 5385 INVESTMENT CASTING SUPPLIER • STELLITE 21 INVESTMENT CASTING • STELLITE 21 CASTING MANUFACTURER • COBALT ALLOY 21 SUPPLIER • COBALT ALLOY 21 MANUFACTURER • COBALT CHROMIUM MOLYBDENUM ROUND BAR • COCRMO ROUND BAR SUPPLIER TECHNICAL KEYWORDS • AMS 5385 SPECIFICATION • AMS 5385J SPECIFICATION • AMS 5385 CHEMICAL COMPOSITION • AMS 5385 MATERIAL • AMS 5385 EQUIVALENT • AMS 5385 EQUIVALENT MATERIAL • STELLITE 21 CHEMICAL COMPOSITION • STELLITE 21 MECHANICAL PROPERTIES • STELLITE 21 HARDNESS • STELLITE 21 DENSITY • UNS R30021 MATERIAL • UNS R30021 EQUIVALENT • AMS 5819 ROD • AMS 5819 WIRE • ERCOCR-E ROD • ERCCOCR-E WIRE GLOBAL SEARCH VARIATIONS • STELLITE 21 ROUND BAR INDIA • STELLITE 21 ROUND BAR USA • STELLITE 21 ROUND BAR UK • STELLITE 21 ROUND BAR GERMANY • STELLITE 21 ROUND BAR ITALY • STELLITE 21 ROUND BAR FRANCE • STELLITE 21 ROUND BAR UAE • STELLITE 21 ROUND BAR SAUDI ARABIA • STELLITE 21 ROUND BAR CHINA • STELLITE 21 ROUND BAR JAPAN • STELLITE 21 ROUND BAR SINGAPORE • STELLITE 21 ROUND BAR AUSTRALIA • STELLITE 21 ROUND BAR EUROPE • STELLITE 21 ROUND BAR MANUFACTURER INDIA • UNS R30021 SUPPLIER • COBALT ALLOY SUPPLIER • COBALT ALLOY MANUFACTURER NOTE: EXACT WORLDWIDE MONTHLY SEARCH VOLUMES SHOULD BE OBTAINED FROM A DEDICATED KEYWORD PLATFORM SUCH AS GOOGLE KEYWORD PLANNER, SEMRUSH, AHREFS OR SIMILAR. THE WEB RESEARCH USED HERE IDENTIFIES COMMERCIALLY AND TECHNICALLY PROMINENT SEARCH PHRASES, BUT IT DOES NOT PROVIDE VERIFIED GOOGLE GLOBAL MONTHLY-VOLUME NUMBERS, SO NUMERICAL SEARCH VOLUMES SHOULD NOT BE FABRICATED. RECOMMENDED META TITLE AMS 5385 ROUND BAR & STELLITE 21: UNS R30021 ALLOY, MANUFACTURING, EQUIVALENTS & STANDARDS META DESCRIPTION EXPLORE AMS 5385J STELLITE 21, UNS R30021 COBALT ALLOY, ROUND BAR AND ROD MANUFACTURING, INTERNATIONAL EQUIVALENTS, CHEMICAL COMPOSITION, AWS STANDARDS, APPLICATIONS AND SPECIFICATIONS. FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS IS AMS 5385 A ROUND BAR SPECIFICATION? NO. AMS 5385J IS AN INVESTMENT-CASTING SPECIFICATION. IT COVERS CORROSION- AND HEAT-RESISTANT COBALT-ALLOY INVESTMENT CASTINGS. WHAT IS THE EQUIVALENT OF AMS 5385? THE MATERIAL IS COMMONLY IDENTIFIED AS STELLITE 21 / UNS R30021, BUT THE EXACT PRODUCT-FORM SPECIFICATION MUST BE CONSIDERED. AMS 5385 APPLIES TO INVESTMENT CASTINGS, WHILE AMS 5819 IS ASSOCIATED WITH STELLITE 21 ROD AND WIRE. WHAT IS STELLITE 21? STELLITE 21 IS A COBALT-BASED CO-CR-MO ALLOY WITH APPROXIMATELY 26–29% CHROMIUM, 4.5–6% MOLYBDENUM AND LESS THAN 0.35% CARBON, WITH COBALT AS THE BALANCE. WHAT IS THE UNS NUMBER FOR STELLITE 21? THE PRINCIPAL UNS DESIGNATION IS UNS R30021 FOR ROD/CASTINGS. WHAT IS AMS 5819? AMS 5819 IS THE AMS SPECIFICATION ASSOCIATED WITH STELLITE 21 ROD AND WIRE, IN CONTRAST TO AMS 5385, WHICH COVERS INVESTMENT CASTINGS. IS STELLITE 21 THE SAME AS STELLITE 8? STELLITE 21 WAS PREVIOUSLY KNOWN AS STELLITE 8. WHAT IS STELLITE 21 USED FOR? TYPICAL APPLICATIONS INCLUDE VALVE TRIM, PETROCHEMICAL AND POWER-GENERATION COMPONENTS, FORGING AND HOT-STAMPING DIES, WEAR SURFACES AND COMPONENTS EXPOSED TO CORROSION, EROSION OR ELEVATED TEMPERATURES. CAN STELLITE 21 BE USED FOR WELDING? YES. STELLITE 21 IS AVAILABLE IN WELDING-RELATED PRODUCT FORMS, WITH CLASSIFICATIONS INCLUDING AWS A5.21 ERCOCR-E/ERCCOCR-E AND AWS A5.13 ECOCR-E, DEPENDING ON PRODUCT FORM. FINAL ENGINEERING AND PURCHASING RECOMMENDATION FOR PROCUREMENT PURPOSES, AVOID WRITING SIMPLY: “AMS 5385 STELLITE 21 ROUND BAR.” A BETTER SPECIFICATION IS: “STELLITE 21 / UNS R30021 ROUND BAR OR ROD, SUPPLIED TO THE APPLICABLE ROD SPECIFICATION AMS 5819, WITH DIMENSIONS, CONDITION, SURFACE FINISH, TESTING AND CERTIFICATION AS SPECIFIED.” IF AN INVESTMENT CASTING IS REQUIRED, SPECIFY: “STELLITE 21 / UNS R30021 INVESTMENT CASTING TO SAE AMS 5385J, AS-CAST, WITH APPLICABLE DIMENSIONAL, CHEMICAL, MECHANICAL AND NDT REQUIREMENTS.” THIS DISTINCTION IMPROVES TECHNICAL ACCURACY, REDUCES QUOTATION ERRORS AND PREVENTS CONFUSION BETWEEN AMS 5385 CASTING MATERIAL AND AMS 5819 ROD/WIRE MATERIAL. SAE'S CURRENT AMS 5385J RECORD AND PARMANU DHATU NIGAM STELLITE 21 TECHNICAL DOCUMENTATION ARE THE STRONGEST REFERENCES FOR ESTABLISHING THIS PRODUCT-FORM DISTINCTION.