AMS 5389 ROUND BAR MANUFACTURING GUIDE: HASTELLOY C NICKEL ALLOY, UNS N10002, INTERNATIONAL EQUIVALENTS, STANDARDS, APPLICATIONS & QUALITY REQUIREMENTS INTRODUCTION TO AMS 5389 ROUND BAR AMS 5389 IS AN SAE AEROSPACE MATERIAL SPECIFICATION ASSOCIATED WITH A NICKEL-BASE CORROSION- AND HEAT-RESISTANT ALLOY. THE SPECIFICATION COVERS SAND CASTINGS, WITH THE ALLOY IDENTIFIED IN THE CURRENT AMS 5389D TITLE AS APPROXIMATELY 55NI–16.5CR–17MO–4.5W–5.8FE–0.40V, SOLUTION HEAT TREATED. SAE IDENTIFIES AMS 5389D AS STABILIZED IN APRIL 2017. IN INTERNATIONAL METAL-TRADE TERMINOLOGY, THIS ALLOY IS COMMONLY ASSOCIATED WITH THE HISTORICAL HASTELLOY ALLOY C / HASTELLOY C FAMILY AND UNS N10002) HISTORICAL TECHNICAL REFERENCES IDENTIFY ALLOY C AS A NICKEL-MOLYBDENUM-CHROMIUM-IRON ALLOY, WHILE CASTING REFERENCES ASSOCIATE THE ACI DESIGNATION CW12MW WITH ALLOY C AND UNS N10002. THIS DISTINCTION IS EXTREMELY IMPORTANT FOR BUYERS SEARCHING FOR: • AMS 5389 ROUND BAR • AMS5389 BAR • AMS 5389 NICKEL ALLOY BAR • AMS 5389 HASTELLOY C BAR • HASTELLOY C ROUND BAR • UNS N10002 ROUND BAR • NICKEL ALLOY C BAR • NICKEL MOLYBDENUM CHROMIUM ROUND BAR • CORROSION RESISTANT NICKEL ALLOY BAR • HIGH TEMPERATURE NICKEL ALLOY BAR AMS 5389 ITSELF IS A CASTING SPECIFICATION. CONSEQUENTLY, MANUFACTURERS AND BUYERS SHOULD DISTINGUISH BETWEEN AMS 5389 CASTINGS AND WROUGHT ROUND BAR MANUFACTURED FROM THE RELATED ALLOY C / UNS N10002 CHEMISTRY UNDER A SUITABLE WROUGHT-PRODUCT STANDARD. THE SAE SPECIFICATION HISTORY CONFIRMS THAT AMS 5389 ORIGINATED IN 1948 AND PROGRESSED THROUGH REVISIONS INCLUDING A, B, C AND D. WHAT IS AMS 5389? AMS 5389 IS AN SAE INTERNATIONAL MATERIAL SPECIFICATION FOR CORROSION- AND HEAT-RESISTANT NICKEL ALLOY SAND CASTINGS. THE CURRENT AMS 5389D DESIGNATION IS: ALLOY CASTINGS, SAND, CORROSION AND HEAT RESISTANT 55NI – 16.5CR – 17MO – 4.5W – 5.8FE – 0.40V, SOLUTION HEAT TREATED. THE PRINCIPAL ALLOYING SYSTEM CONTAINS: ELEMENT - APPROXIMATE SPECIFICATION DESIGNATION NICKEL 55% NOMINAL CHROMIUM 16.5% NOMINAL MOLYBDENUM 17% NOMINAL TUNGSTEN 4.5% NOMINAL IRON 5.8% NOMINAL VANADIUM 0.40% NOMINAL CARBON CONTROLLED RESIDUAL/ALLOY REQUIREMENT SILICON CONTROLLED MANGANESE CONTROLLED PHOSPHORUS CONTROLLED SULFUR CONTROLLED FOR ACTUAL PROCUREMENT, THE PURCHASED SAE SPECIFICATION MUST BE CONSULTED FOR THE COMPLETE CHEMICAL LIMITS, MECHANICAL REQUIREMENTS, HEAT TREATMENT, TESTING AND ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA RATHER THAN RELYING ON A COMMERCIAL EQUIVALENT TABLE. AMS 5389 AND HASTELLOY C ONE OF THE MOST IMPORTANT AND TECHNICAL RELATIONSHIPS SURROUNDING AMS 5389 IS: AMS 5389 → ALLOY C → HASTELLOY C → UNS N10002 → CW12MW HISTORICAL CASTING DOCUMENTATION IDENTIFIES CW12MW AS AN OBSOLETE ACI CASTING DESIGNATION CORRESPONDING TO HASTELLOY C / ALLOY C / UNS N10002. MODERN REFERENCES ALSO IDENTIFY UNS N10002 AS HASTELLOY ALLOY C. THIS IS NOT THE SAME ALLOY AS MODERN HASTELLOY C-276, UNS N10276) ALLOY C-276 WAS DEVELOPED LATER WITH A SUBSTANTIALLY DIFFERENT COMPOSITION AND IMPROVED RESISTANCE TO CERTAIN DEGRADATION MECHANISMS. THEREFORE: AMS 5389 / HISTORICAL HASTELLOY C / UNS N10002 SHOULD NOT BE CASUALLY ADVERTISED AS AMS 5389 C276. THAT DISTINCTION IS ESPECIALLY IMPORTANT IN AEROSPACE, CHEMICAL PROCESSING, POWER GENERATION AND OTHER SAFETY-CRITICAL PROCUREMENT. AMS 5389 ROUND BAR: IMPORTANT MANUFACTURING QUALIFICATION ALTHOUGH “AMS 5389 ROUND BAR” IS A FREQUENTLY USED COMMERCIAL SEARCH PHRASE, AMS 5389 SPECIFIES SAND CASTINGS, NOT CONVENTIONAL WROUGHT ROUND BAR. A MANUFACTURER SUPPLYING A ROUND BAR SHOULD THEREFORE IDENTIFY THE PRODUCT CORRECTLY, FOR EXAMPLE: HASTELLOY C / UNS N10002 ROUND BAR MANUFACTURED TO THE APPLICABLE WROUGHT-PRODUCT SPECIFICATION, WITH AMS 5389 CHEMISTRY OR CASTING PEDIGREE ONLY WHERE CONTRACTUALLY APPLICABLE. THE PRODUCT DOCUMENTATION SHOULD CLEARLY STATE: 1. MATERIAL GRADE 2. UNS NUMBER WHERE APPLICABLE 3. PRODUCT FORM 4. APPLICABLE ASTM/ASME OR OTHER WROUGHT SPECIFICATION 5. HEAT-TREATMENT CONDITION 6. DIAMETER AND LENGTH 7. CHEMICAL TEST RESULTS 8. MECHANICAL TEST RESULTS 9. NONDESTRUCTIVE TESTING REQUIREMENTS 10. HEAT/LOT TRACEABILITY 11. CERTIFICATE OF CONFORMITY 12. CUSTOMER-SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS THIS AVOIDS CREATING A TECHNICALLY MISLEADING CLAIM THAT A WROUGHT BAR ITSELF IS DIRECTLY COVERED BY A SAND-CASTING SPECIFICATION. AMS 5389 INTERNATIONAL MATERIAL EQUIVALENTS THE MOST USEFUL INTERNATIONAL IDENTIFIERS FOR THE ALLOY C FAMILY INCLUDE: SYSTEM - IDENTIFICATION SAE: AMS 5389 / AMS 5389D UNS N10002 GENERIC ALLOY: ALLOY C TRADE NAME: HASTELLOY C CASTING DESIGNATION: CW12MW EUROPEAN/WERKSTOFF REFERENCES: 2.4819 IS FREQUENTLY LISTED IN COMMERCIAL CROSS-REFERENCE TABLES FOR THIS ALLOY FAMILY CHINESE DESIGNATION: NS3303 IS FREQUENTLY CITED IN COMMERCIAL EQUIVALENCY REFERENCES BRITISH DESIGNATION: NA 45 IS FREQUENTLY CITED IN COMMERCIAL EQUIVALENCY REFERENCES NICKEL ALLOY DESCRIPTION: NI-MO-CR-FE-W ALLOY COMMON COMMERCIAL DESCRIPTION: HASTELLOY C ROUND BAR IMPORTANT: CROSS-REFERENCE TABLES ARE USEFUL FOR IDENTIFICATION, BUT THEY DO NOT AUTOMATICALLY ESTABLISH LEGAL OR TECHNICAL INTERCHANGEABILITY. A SPECIFICATION SUCH AS AMS 5389 SHOULD BE PURCHASED AND CERTIFIED ACCORDING TO THE EXACT CONTRACTUAL REQUIREMENT. COMMERCIAL CROSS-REFERENCE SOURCES IDENTIFY HASTELLOY C WITH UNS N10002 AND LIST INTERNATIONAL DESIGNATIONS INCLUDING NS3303, 2.4819 AND RELATED DIN/EN DESCRIPTIONS. SIMILAR TRADE NAMES AND COMMON NAMES GLOBAL BUYERS MAY SEARCH FOR AMS 5389 USING MANY DIFFERENT NAMES. COMMON NAMES • HASTELLOY C • HASTELLOY C • ALLOY C • NICKEL ALLOY C • NICKEL-MOLYBDENUM-CHROMIUM ALLOY • NI-MO-CR ALLOY • CORROSION RESISTANT NICKEL ALLOY • HEAT RESISTANT NICKEL ALLOY • NICKEL BASE ALLOY C • NICKEL CHROMIUM MOLYBDENUM ALLOY • N10002 ALLOY • UNS N10002 • CW12MW ALLOY • HASTELLOY C BAR • HASTELLOY C ROUND BAR • N10002 ROUND BAR HISTORICAL TERMINOLOGY • ALLOY C • HASTELLOY ALLOY C • HASTELLOY ALLOY C • CW12MW • NICKEL-BASE ALLOY C ASM'S HISTORICAL ALLOY DIGEST DOCUMENTATION IDENTIFIES HASTELLOY ALLOY C AS A NICKEL-MOLYBDENUM-CHROMIUM-IRON ALLOY WITH CORROSION AND HEAT-RESISTANT CHARACTERISTICS. BRAND NAMES AND TRADEMARK CONSIDERATIONS HASTELLOY IS A WELL-KNOWN TRADE NAME ASSOCIATED WITH PARMANU DHATU NIGAM'S FAMILY OF NICKEL- AND COBALT-BASED ALLOYS. WHEN CREATING COMMERCIAL MATERIAL DESCRIPTIONS, MANUFACTURERS SHOULD DISTINGUISH BETWEEN: GENERIC DESIGNATION: ALLOY C / UNS N10002 AND TRADEMARK DESIGNATION: HASTELLOY ALLOY C A MATERIAL SHOULD NOT BE DESCRIBED AS AN ORIGINAL BRANDED HASTELLOY PRODUCT UNLESS THE SUPPLIED MATERIAL AND DOCUMENTATION SUPPORT THAT CLAIM. LIKEWISE, HASTELLOY C, HASTELLOY C-276, HASTELLOY C-4, AND HASTELLOY C-22 SHOULD NEVER BE TREATED AS INTERCHANGEABLE GRADES. AMS 5389 CHEMICAL COMPOSITION AMS 5389 IS BASED ON A HIGH-ALLOY NICKEL SYSTEM CONTAINING SUBSTANTIAL CHROMIUM, MOLYBDENUM AND TUNGSTEN. THE COMMERCIAL CHEMISTRY COMMONLY ASSOCIATED WITH THE ALLOY C / N10002 FAMILY IS APPROXIMATELY: • NICKEL: BALANCE • CHROMIUM: APPROXIMATELY 16–17% • MOLYBDENUM: APPROXIMATELY 17% • TUNGSTEN: APPROXIMATELY 4–5% • IRON: APPROXIMATELY 5–7% • VANADIUM: CONTROLLED • CARBON: CONTROLLED • SILICON: CONTROLLED • MANGANESE: CONTROLLED HISTORICAL SOURCES DISTINGUISH THIS ORIGINAL ALLOY C CHEMISTRY FROM C-276, WHICH HAS LOWER CARBON AND SILICON AND A DIFFERENT ALLOY BALANCE. FOR PRODUCTION, THE ACTUAL AMS REVISION AND APPLICABLE PRODUCT SPECIFICATION MUST CONTROL THE CHEMISTRY. AMS 5389 ROUND BAR MANUFACTURING PROCESS FOR A WROUGHT ROUND BAR ASSOCIATED WITH THE ALLOY C / UNS N10002 MATERIAL FAMILY, MANUFACTURING NORMALLY INVOLVES A CONTROLLED SEQUENCE OF MELTING, REFINING, PRIMARY FORMING, HEAT TREATMENT AND FINISHING. 1) RAW MATERIAL SELECTION HIGH-PURITY NICKEL, CHROMIUM, MOLYBDENUM, TUNGSTEN, IRON AND OTHER CONTROLLED ALLOY ADDITIONS ARE SELECTED ACCORDING TO THE TARGET CHEMISTRY. THE RAW MATERIALS SHOULD HAVE TRACEABLE CERTIFICATES. KEY CONTROLS INCLUDE: • NICKEL PURITY • MOLYBDENUM PURITY • CHROMIUM PURITY • TUNGSTEN CONTENT • IRON CONTENT • CARBON CONTROL • SILICON CONTROL • SULFUR CONTROL • PHOSPHORUS CONTROL • TRACE-ELEMENT CONTROL 2) MELTING NICKEL-BASED CORROSION-RESISTANT ALLOYS REQUIRE CAREFULLY CONTROLLED MELTING. DEPENDING ON PRODUCT ROUTE AND CUSTOMER REQUIREMENTS, MELTING TECHNOLOGY MAY INCLUDE: • VACUUM INDUCTION MELTING • ELECTRIC MELTING • ARGON-CONTROLLED MELTING • VACUUM REFINING • ELECTROSLAG REMELTING • VACUUM ARC REMELTING WHERE SPECIFICALLY REQUIRED THE CHOSEN MELTING ROUTE DEPENDS ON THE FINAL PRODUCT SPECIFICATION AND QUALITY REQUIREMENTS. 3) CHEMICAL HOMOGENIZATION THE MOLTEN ALLOY MUST BE CONTROLLED TO MINIMIZE SEGREGATION. PARTICULAR ATTENTION IS REQUIRED FOR ALLOYING ELEMENTS SUCH AS: • MO • W • CR • FE THE MELT IS SAMPLED AND ANALYZED BEFORE CASTING. MODERN PRODUCTION MAY USE: • OPTICAL EMISSION SPECTROSCOPY • X-RAY FLUORESCENCE • COMBUSTION ANALYSIS • ICP ANALYSIS • LABORATORY WET CHEMISTRY 4) PRIMARY CASTING OR INGOT PRODUCTION FOR A WROUGHT-BAR ROUTE, THE ALLOY IS GENERALLY CONVERTED INTO A SUITABLE PRIMARY FORM SUCH AS AN INGOT OR BILLET. THE PRODUCER CONTROLS: • SOLIDIFICATION • SEGREGATION • SHRINKAGE • INCLUSIONS • POROSITY • SURFACE DEFECTS • INTERNAL DISCONTINUITIES WHERE A CUSTOMER ACTUALLY REQUIRES AN AMS 5389 SAND CASTING, THE MANUFACTURING ROUTE IS DIFFERENT AND SHOULD FOLLOW THE CASTING PROCESS AND ACCEPTANCE REQUIREMENTS OF THE SPECIFICATION. 5) FORGING OR HOT WORKING A WROUGHT ROUND BAR REQUIRES THERMOMECHANICAL PROCESSING. TYPICAL OPERATIONS MAY INCLUDE: INGOT → BILLET → FORGING → COGGING → REHEATING → FORGING → BAR CONDITIONING → HEAT TREATMENT → MACHINING THE ACTUAL TEMPERATURES, REDUCTIONS AND NUMBER OF FORGING PASSES MUST BE ESTABLISHED BY THE APPLICABLE WROUGHT-MATERIAL SPECIFICATION AND QUALIFIED MANUFACTURING PROCEDURE. CONTROLLED DEFORMATION HELPS: • REFINE THE STRUCTURE • BREAK DOWN CAST STRUCTURE • REDUCE SEGREGATION • IMPROVE HOMOGENEITY • PRODUCE THE REQUIRED BAR GEOMETRY • DEVELOP APPROPRIATE MECHANICAL PROPERTIES 6) SOLUTION HEAT TREATMENT SOLUTION HEAT TREATMENT IS A CRITICAL PART OF THE ALLOY C MATERIAL SYSTEM. THE OBJECTIVE IS TO ESTABLISH THE REQUIRED METALLURGICAL CONDITION AND DISSOLVE OR CONTROL UNDESIRABLE PHASES. IMPORTANT VARIABLES INCLUDE: • FURNACE TEMPERATURE • SOAK TIME • PRODUCT CROSS-SECTION • LOADING ARRANGEMENT • HEATING RATE • COOLING METHOD • FURNACE ATMOSPHERE • TEMPERATURE UNIFORMITY AMS 5389D SPECIFICALLY IDENTIFIES THE COVERED CASTINGS AS SOLUTION HEAT TREATED. FOR A ROUND BAR, HOWEVER, THE PRECISE HEAT-TREATMENT REQUIREMENT MUST COME FROM THE APPLICABLE WROUGHT SPECIFICATION RATHER THAN BEING INFERRED SOLELY FROM AMS 5389. 7) COOLING AFTER SOLUTION TREATMENT, THE MATERIAL IS COOLED USING THE METHOD REQUIRED BY THE GOVERNING SPECIFICATION. POSSIBLE COOLING PRACTICES INCLUDE: • WATER COOLING • RAPID COOLING • CONTROLLED AIR COOLING COOLING PRACTICE INFLUENCES PRECIPITATION BEHAVIOR AND FINAL MICROSTRUCTURE. 8) BAR CONDITIONING AFTER PRIMARY WORKING AND HEAT TREATMENT, THE ROUND BAR MAY UNDERGO CONDITIONING OPERATIONS SUCH AS: • GRINDING • PEELING • TURNING • STRAIGHTENING • CENTERLESS GRINDING • SURFACE CLEANING • DESCALING THE OBJECTIVE IS TO ACHIEVE: • ACCURATE DIAMETER • STRAIGHTNESS • SURFACE QUALITY • REMOVAL OF OXIDATION • REMOVAL OF MINOR SURFACE IMPERFECTIONS • REQUIRED DIMENSIONAL TOLERANCES 9) PRECISION MACHINING FOR CLOSE-TOLERANCE HASTELLOY C ROUND BARS, MACHINING MAY INVOLVE: • CNC TURNING • CENTERLESS GRINDING • PEEL TURNING • PRECISION GRINDING • CHAMFERING • CUTTING TO LENGTH NICKEL-BASED HIGH-ALLOY MATERIALS CAN BE CHALLENGING TO MACHINE BECAUSE OF WORK HARDENING AND THEIR HIGH STRENGTH AND TOUGHNESS. APPROPRIATE TOOLING, FEEDS, SPEEDS AND COOLANT PRACTICES ARE THEREFORE IMPORTANT. 10) NONDESTRUCTIVE TESTING DEPENDING ON THE PURCHASE SPECIFICATION, APPLICATION AND CUSTOMER REQUIREMENTS, TESTING MAY INCLUDE: ULTRASONIC TESTING USED TO DETECT INTERNAL DISCONTINUITIES. LIQUID PENETRANT TESTING USED TO IDENTIFY SURFACE-BREAKING CRACKS AND DISCONTINUITIES. MAGNETIC PARTICLE INSPECTION GENERALLY UNSUITABLE FOR FULLY AUSTENITIC/NON-FERROMAGNETIC NICKEL ALLOYS, SO IT SHOULD NOT BE ASSUMED APPLICABLE TO ALLOY C. DIMENSIONAL INSPECTION INCLUDES: • DIAMETER • ROUNDNESS • STRAIGHTNESS • LENGTH • SURFACE ROUGHNESS 11) MECHANICAL TESTING DEPENDING ON THE GOVERNING PRODUCT SPECIFICATION, TESTING MAY INCLUDE: • TENSILE STRENGTH • YIELD STRENGTH • ELONGATION • REDUCTION OF AREA • HARDNESS • IMPACT TESTING WHERE SPECIFIED TESTING SHOULD BE PERFORMED ON REPRESENTATIVE SAMPLES FROM THE RELEVANT HEAT OR LOT. 12) METALLOGRAPHIC EXAMINATION METALLOGRAPHIC EVALUATION CAN VERIFY: • GRAIN STRUCTURE • CARBIDE MORPHOLOGY • INTERMETALLIC PHASES • SEGREGATION • INCLUSIONS • HEAT-TREATMENT CONDITION • EVIDENCE OF OVERHEATING • MICROSTRUCTURAL UNIFORMITY THIS IS PARTICULARLY VALUABLE WHEN MATERIAL IS DESTINED FOR DEMANDING CHEMICAL-PROCESSING OR HIGH-TEMPERATURE SERVICE. 13) PMI AND FINAL CHEMICAL VERIFICATION POSITIVE MATERIAL IDENTIFICATION CAN BE PERFORMED USING TECHNIQUES SUCH AS: • XRF • OES • ICP LABORATORY ANALYSIS PMI IS ESPECIALLY VALUABLE FOR PREVENTING MATERIAL MIX-UPS BETWEEN: • ALLOY C • ALLOY C-276 • ALLOY C-22 • ALLOY C-4 • ALLOY B-2 • ALLOY X • ALLOY 625 THESE GRADES CAN LOOK SIMILAR WHILE HAVING SUBSTANTIALLY DIFFERENT COMPOSITIONS AND SPECIFICATIONS. 14) CERTIFICATION AND TRACEABILITY A HIGH-QUALITY AMS 5389-RELATED NICKEL ALLOY PRODUCT SHOULD HAVE TRACEABILITY LINKING: RAW MATERIAL → MELT/HEAT → BILLET/INGOT → FORGING → HEAT TREATMENT → MACHINING → INSPECTION → FINAL CERTIFICATE TYPICAL DOCUMENTATION CAN INCLUDE: • MILL TEST CERTIFICATE • CHEMICAL ANALYSIS • MECHANICAL TEST REPORT • HEAT-TREATMENT CERTIFICATE • NDT REPORT • DIMENSIONAL INSPECTION REPORT • PMI REPORT • CERTIFICATE OF CONFORMITY • MATERIAL TRACEABILITY REPORT • PACKING LIST • COMMERCIAL INVOICE • EN 10204 CERTIFICATION WHERE CONTRACTUALLY SPECIFIED ASTM AND ASME STANDARDS: DO NOT CONFUSE PRODUCT FORMS ONE OF THE MOST IMPORTANT ASPECTS OF INTERNATIONAL PROCUREMENT IS MATCHING THE SPECIFICATION TO THE PRODUCT FORM. A CASTING SPECIFICATION IS NOT AUTOMATICALLY A ROUND-BAR SPECIFICATION. FOR THE ALLOY C / UNS N10002 FAMILY, COMMERCIAL STANDARDS REFERENCES CAN INVOLVE ASTM/ASME NICKEL-ALLOY AND CASTING STANDARDS, BUT THE EXACT APPLICABLE STANDARD DEPENDS ON WHETHER THE PRODUCT IS: • CASTING • BAR • PLATE • SHEET • STRIP • FORGING • PIPE • TUBE • FITTING • WELDED PRODUCT COMMERCIAL CROSS-REFERENCE TABLES, FOR EXAMPLE, ASSOCIATE ALLOY C / N10002 WITH CASTING DESIGNATION CW6M/CW12MW TERMINOLOGY IN DIFFERENT REFERENCES, WHILE C-276 IS SEPARATELY IDENTIFIED AS UNS N10276 AND ASTM/ASME PRODUCT SPECIFICATIONS SUCH AS B574/SB574. DO NOT SUBSTITUTE ASTM B574 N10276 C-276 FOR AMS 5389/N10002 MERELY BECAUSE BOTH ARE HASTELLOY-FAMILY CORROSION-RESISTANT NICKEL ALLOYS. AMS 5389 REVISION HISTORY SAE'S HISTORICAL RECORD SHOWS: REVISION AMS 5389 AMS 5389A AMS 5389B AMS 5389C AMS 5389D SAE LISTS AMS 5389D AS STABILIZED ON APRIL 18, 2017. THE C REVISION WAS SUPERSEDED BY D IN APRIL 2017. AMS 5389 VS AMS 5388 THIS DISTINCTION IS PARTICULARLY USEFUL FOR PROCUREMENT. AMS 5388 PRODUCT FORM: INVESTMENT CASTING ALLOY: NICKEL ALLOY C FAMILY AMS 5389 PRODUCT FORM: SAND CASTING ALLOY: ALLOY C / RELATED N10002 CHEMISTRY AMS 5390 PRODUCT FORM: INVESTMENT CASTING ALLOY: HASTELLOY X FAMILY A SUPPLIER REFERENCE IDENTIFIES AMS 5388 AS A NICKEL ALLOY INVESTMENT-CASTING SPECIFICATION AND AMS 5389 AS HASTELLOY C SAND CASTINGS. THUS, AMS 5388 AND AMS 5389 SHOULD NOT BE TREATED AS INTERCHANGEABLE ROUND-BAR STANDARDS EITHER. AMS 5389 VS HASTELLOY C-276 THIS IS ONE OF THE MOST COMMON SEARCH-ENGINE AND PROCUREMENT MISTAKES. ALLOY C / AMS 5389 FAMILY GENERIC ALLOY: ALLOY C UNS N10002 MAJOR SYSTEM: NI-CR-MO-FE-W PRODUCT RELATIONSHIP: HISTORICAL/CASTING SPECIFICATION CARBON/SILICON CONTROL: HIGHER THAN C-276 SPECIFICATION IDENTITY: AMS 5389 INTERCHANGEABLE? NO HASTELLOY C-276 GENERIC ALLOY: ALLOY C-276 UNS N10276 MAJOR SYSTEM: NI-CR-MO-W PRODUCT RELATIONSHIP: MODERN WROUGHT/CASTING FAMILY CARBON/SILICON CONTROL: MUCH LOWER SPECIFICATION IDENTITY: MULTIPLE ASTM/ASME/OTHER SPECIFICATIONS INTERCHANGEABLE? NO TECHNICAL LITERATURE SPECIFICALLY DISTINGUISHES ALLOY C (N10002) FROM C-276 (N10276), NOTING THAT C-276 WAS DEVELOPED WITH LOWER CARBON AND SILICON AND IMPROVED RESISTANCE TO PROBLEMS ASSOCIATED WITH THERMAL EXPOSURE. PROPERTIES ASSOCIATED WITH ALLOY C THE ALLOY C FAMILY IS VALUED PRIMARILY FOR CORROSION RESISTANCE. IMPORTANT CHARACTERISTICS INCLUDE: • HIGH RESISTANCE TO AGGRESSIVE CHEMICAL ENVIRONMENTS • RESISTANCE TO OXIDIZING MEDIA • RESISTANCE TO MANY REDUCING ENVIRONMENTS • GOOD RESISTANCE TO CHLORIDE-CONTAINING ENVIRONMENTS • HIGH MOLYBDENUM CONTENT • HIGH CHROMIUM CONTENT • TUNGSTEN ALLOYING • NICKEL-BASE CORROSION RESISTANCE • USEFUL ELEVATED-TEMPERATURE PERFORMANCE HISTORICAL ASM DOCUMENTATION DESCRIBES ALLOY C AS RESISTANT TO STRONGLY OXIDIZING ACIDS, ACID MIXTURES, SALTS, CHLORINE AND CHLORINE-BEARING COMPOUNDS. APPLICATIONS OF HASTELLOY C / UNS N10002 DEPENDING ON EXACT PRODUCT SPECIFICATION AND SERVICE CONDITIONS, ALLOY C-TYPE MATERIALS HAVE HISTORICALLY BEEN ASSOCIATED WITH: CHEMICAL PROCESSING • CHEMICAL REACTORS • PROCESS VESSELS • HEAT EXCHANGERS • PUMPS • VALVES • NOZZLES • AGITATORS PETROCHEMICAL PROCESSING • CORROSIVE PROCESS EQUIPMENT • CHEMICAL HANDLING SYSTEMS • HIGH-TEMPERATURE PROCESS COMPONENTS POLLUTION-CONTROL EQUIPMENT • SCRUBBER COMPONENTS • CHLORIDE-BEARING PROCESS EQUIPMENT • CORROSIVE GAS-HANDLING EQUIPMENT POWER GENERATION • CORROSIVE PROCESS COMPONENTS • HIGH-TEMPERATURE CHEMICAL ENVIRONMENTS AEROSPACE AND HIGH-TEMPERATURE ENGINEERING WHERE SPECIFIED AND QUALIFIED, NICKEL-BASE CORROSION- AND HEAT-RESISTANT ALLOYS MAY BE USED IN DEMANDING AEROSPACE AND HIGH-TEMPERATURE APPLICATIONS. AMS 5389 ROUND BAR SIZES BECAUSE AMS 5389 ITSELF IS A SAND-CASTING SPECIFICATION, IT DOES NOT ESTABLISH A UNIVERSAL CATALOG OF WROUGHT ROUND-BAR DIAMETERS. COMMERCIAL HASTELLOY C / N10002 ROUND BARS MAY BE SUPPLIED IN: • SMALL DIAMETER BARS • MEDIUM DIAMETER BARS • LARGE DIAMETER BARS • CUT LENGTHS • RANDOM LENGTHS • PRECISION-MACHINED DIAMETERS • FORGED BARS • GROUND BARS • PEELED BARS ACTUAL AVAILABILITY DEPENDS ON THE MANUFACTURER AND THE GOVERNING WROUGHT SPECIFICATION. TYPICAL CUSTOMER REQUIREMENTS INCLUDE: DIAMETER × LENGTH FOR EXAMPLE: Ø25 MM × 3, 000 MM OR Ø1 INCH × 12 FT THE PURCHASER SHOULD SPECIFY THE EXACT TOLERANCE AND APPLICABLE STANDARD. AMS 5389 ROUND BAR SURFACE FINISHES COMMERCIAL ROUND BAR MAY BE AVAILABLE WITH: • HOT FINISHED SURFACE • MACHINED SURFACE • PEELED SURFACE • GROUND SURFACE • CENTERLESS-GROUND SURFACE • BRIGHT FINISH • PRECISION FINISH SURFACE FINISH SHOULD BE SELECTED ACCORDING TO THE FINAL MACHINING AND SERVICE REQUIREMENTS. QUALITY CONTROL FOR AMS 5389-RELATED NICKEL ALLOY BAR A PROFESSIONAL MANUFACTURING AND INSPECTION SYSTEM SHOULD CONTROL: 1. INCOMING RAW MATERIALS 2. FURNACE CHARGE 3. MELT CHEMISTRY 4. HEAT IDENTIFICATION 5. INGOT/BILLET QUALITY 6. FORGING REDUCTION 7. HEAT TREATMENT 8. COOLING 9. SURFACE CONDITIONING 10. DIMENSIONAL ACCURACY 11. MECHANICAL PROPERTIES 12. METALLOGRAPHY 13. NDT 14. PMI 15. FINAL CERTIFICATION 16. PACKING AND MARKING MARKING REQUIREMENTS DEPENDING ON THE GOVERNING SPECIFICATION AND PURCHASE ORDER, ROUND BARS MAY BE MARKED WITH: • MANUFACTURER IDENTIFICATION • ALLOY DESIGNATION • UNS NUMBER • HEAT NUMBER • BATCH NUMBER • SIZE • SPECIFICATION • CONDITION TYPICAL COMMERCIAL MARKING MIGHT READ: HASTELLOY C – UNS N10002 – HEAT XXXXX THE EXACT MARKING SCHEME SHOULD FOLLOW THE PURCHASE ORDER AND GOVERNING SPECIFICATION. PACKAGING AND EXPORT NICKEL ALLOY ROUND BARS SHOULD BE PACKAGED TO PREVENT: • SURFACE DAMAGE • CORROSION CONTAMINATION • MIXING OF HEAT NUMBERS • MECHANICAL DEFORMATION • IDENTIFICATION LOSS EXPORT SHIPMENTS MAY USE: • WOODEN CRATES • STEEL FRAMES • BUNDLED BARS • PROTECTIVE WRAPPING • PLASTIC SEPARATORS • WATERPROOF PACKAGING MATERIAL IDENTIFICATION MUST REMAIN LEGIBLE AFTER TRANSPORTATION. GLOBAL KEYWORDS FOR AMS 5389 FOR INTERNATIONAL SEARCH VISIBILITY, THE FOLLOWING HIGH-INTENT KEYWORD GROUPS ARE USEFUL. PRIMARY KEYWORDS • AMS 5389 • AMS5389 • AMS 5389 ROUND BAR • AMS5389 ROUND BAR • AMS 5389 BAR • AMS5389 BAR • AMS 5389 SPECIFICATION • AMS 5389 MATERIAL • AMS 5389 ALLOY • AMS 5389 NICKEL ALLOY HASTELLOY KEYWORDS • HASTELLOY C • HASTELLOY C ROUND BAR • HASTELLOY C BAR • HASTELLOY C ROD • HASTELLOY C UNS N10002 • HASTELLOY C MATERIAL • HASTELLOY C SUPPLIER • HASTELLOY C MANUFACTURER • HASTELLOY C STOCKIST • HASTELLOY C EXPORTER UNS KEYWORDS • UNS N10002 • N10002 ROUND BAR • N10002 BAR • UNS N10002 ROUND BAR • N10002 NICKEL ALLOY • N10002 HASTELLOY C NICKEL ALLOY KEYWORDS • NICKEL ALLOY ROUND BAR • NICKEL ALLOY BAR • NICKEL ALLOY ROD • NICKEL MOLYBDENUM ALLOY • NICKEL CHROMIUM MOLYBDENUM ALLOY • CORROSION RESISTANT NICKEL ALLOY • HEAT RESISTANT NICKEL ALLOY • HIGH TEMPERATURE NICKEL ALLOY • NICKEL SUPERALLOY BAR • NICKEL BASED ALLOY BAR INTERNATIONAL SEARCH PHRASES • HASTELLOY C ROUND BAR MANUFACTURER • HASTELLOY C ROUND BAR SUPPLIER • HASTELLOY C ROUND BAR EXPORTER • UNS N10002 ROUND BAR MANUFACTURER • UNS N10002 ROUND BAR SUPPLIER • AMS 5389 SUPPLIER • AMS 5389 MANUFACTURER • AMS 5389 EXPORTER • AMS5389 MATERIAL SUPPLIER • AMS5389 NICKEL ALLOY SUPPLIER • HASTELLOY C BAR INDIA • HASTELLOY C ROUND BAR INDIA • N10002 ROUND BAR INDIA • NICKEL ALLOY BAR MANUFACTURER INDIA • NICKEL ALLOY ROUND BAR SUPPLIER INDIA FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS IS AMS 5389 A ROUND BAR SPECIFICATION? NO. AMS 5389 IS A SPECIFICATION FOR SAND CASTINGS, NOT A CONVENTIONAL WROUGHT ROUND-BAR PRODUCT. SAE'S CURRENT LISTING EXPLICITLY DESCRIBES AMS 5389D AS ALLOY SAND CASTINGS. WHAT ALLOY IS AMS 5389? AMS 5389 COVERS A CORROSION- AND HEAT-RESISTANT NICKEL ALLOY ASSOCIATED WITH THE HISTORICAL ALLOY C / HASTELLOY C / UNS N10002 FAMILY. WHAT IS THE UNS NUMBER FOR HASTELLOY C? THE COMMONLY ASSOCIATED UNS DESIGNATION IS N10002. IS AMS 5389 THE SAME AS HASTELLOY C-276? NO. HASTELLOY C-276 IS UNS N10276, WHILE HISTORICAL ALLOY C IS UNS N10002. WHAT IS CW12MW? CW12MW IS AN HISTORICAL/ACI CASTING DESIGNATION ASSOCIATED WITH HASTELLOY C / ALLOY C AND UNS N10002. CAN AMS 5389 MATERIAL BE SUPPLIED AS ROUND BAR? A MANUFACTURER MAY SUPPLY ALLOY C / UNS N10002 ROUND BAR, BUT THE BAR SHOULD BE CERTIFIED TO THE APPLICABLE WROUGHT-PRODUCT SPECIFICATION. AMS 5389 SHOULD NOT SIMPLY BE PRESENTED AS A WROUGHT-BAR SPECIFICATION. IS AMS 5389 STILL CURRENT? SAE LISTS AMS 5389D AS STABILIZED IN APRIL 2017. WHAT INDUSTRIES USE ALLOY C? ALLOY C HAS BEEN ASSOCIATED WITH CHEMICAL PROCESSING, CORROSION-RESISTANT EQUIPMENT, HIGH-TEMPERATURE APPLICATIONS AND OTHER AGGRESSIVE SERVICE ENVIRONMENTS. HOW TO SPECIFY AMS 5389-RELATED ROUND BAR CORRECTLY FOR A PURCHASE INQUIRY, PROVIDE: MATERIAL: HASTELLOY C / ALLOY C UNS: N10002 PRODUCT: ROUND BAR DIAMETER: REQUIRED DIAMETER LENGTH: REQUIRED LENGTH CONDITION: REQUIRED HEAT-TREATMENT CONDITION APPLICABLE WROUGHT SPECIFICATION: CUSTOMER-SPECIFIED/APPROVED STANDARD TESTING: CHEMICAL + TENSILE + HARDNESS + NDT AS REQUIRED CERTIFICATION: MTC / EN 10204 CERTIFICATE WHERE APPLICABLE TRACEABILITY: HEAT NUMBER REQUIRED QUANTITY: REQUIRED QUANTITY COUNTRY OF ORIGIN: IF REQUIRED INSPECTION: THIRD-PARTY INSPECTION IF REQUIRED FOR AEROSPACE PROCUREMENT, THE EXACT AEROSPACE SPECIFICATION AND REVISION SHOULD BE STATED RATHER THAN RELYING ON A GENERIC INTERNET CROSS-REFERENCE. WHY BUYERS SEARCH FOR “AMS 5389 ROUND BAR” THE PHRASE “AMS 5389 ROUND BAR” REMAINS COMMERCIALLY USEFUL BECAUSE BUYERS OFTEN SEARCH BY THE ALLOY DESIGNATION OR HISTORICAL SPECIFICATION RATHER THAN BY THE PRECISE PRODUCT-FORM STANDARD. SEARCHES FREQUENTLY COMBINE: AMS + SPECIFICATION NUMBER + PRODUCT FORM + ALLOY + UNS NUMBER + MANUFACTURER + SUPPLIER + COUNTRY. THIS PRODUCES LONG-TAIL SEARCHES SUCH AS: • AMS 5389 ROUND BAR MANUFACTURER • AMS 5389 ROUND BAR SUPPLIER • AMS 5389 HASTELLOY C ROUND BAR • AMS 5389 UNS N10002 BAR • HASTELLOY C N10002 ROUND BAR • UNS N10002 NICKEL ALLOY BAR • ALLOY C ROUND BAR MANUFACTURER • NICKEL ALLOY C ROUND BAR SUPPLIER THESE KEYWORDS CAN BE INCORPORATED NATURALLY INTO PRODUCT PAGES, TECHNICAL BLOGS, CATEGORY PAGES AND PROCUREMENT LANDING PAGES. CONCLUSION AMS 5389 IS AN IMPORTANT HISTORICAL SAE SPECIFICATION FOR CORROSION- AND HEAT-RESISTANT NICKEL ALLOY SAND CASTINGS. THE CURRENT AMS 5389D DESIGNATION IDENTIFIES A SOLUTION-HEAT-TREATED SAND-CASTING ALLOY CONTAINING APPROXIMATELY 55% NICKEL, 16.5% CHROMIUM, 17% MOLYBDENUM, 4.5% TUNGSTEN, 5.8% IRON AND 0.40% VANADIUM. THE MATERIAL IS CLOSELY ASSOCIATED WITH THE HISTORICAL ALLOY C / HASTELLOY C / UNS N10002 / CW12MW FAMILY. HOWEVER, AMS 5389 SHOULD NOT BE REPRESENTED AS A DIRECT WROUGHT ROUND-BAR SPECIFICATION. FOR A GENUINE ROUND-BAR PRODUCT, THE MANUFACTURER AND BUYER SHOULD ESTABLISH THE APPLICABLE WROUGHT SPECIFICATION, CHEMISTRY, HEAT TREATMENT, MECHANICAL PROPERTIES, DIMENSIONAL REQUIREMENTS, TESTING AND CERTIFICATION. MOST IMPORTANTLY, UNS N10002 ALLOY C MUST NOT BE CONFUSED WITH UNS N10276 HASTELLOY C-276) THESE ARE DIFFERENT ALLOY GRADES WITH DIFFERENT COMPOSITIONS AND TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS. FOR INTERNATIONAL BUYERS, THE MOST USEFUL COMMERCIAL SEARCH TERMS ARE: AMS 5389, AMS5389, AMS 5389 ROUND BAR, HASTELLOY C, ALLOY C, UNS N10002, N10002 ROUND BAR, NICKEL ALLOY C, NICKEL MOLYBDENUM CHROMIUM ALLOY, CORROSION RESISTANT NICKEL ALLOY, HASTELLOY C BAR, HASTELLOY C ROUND BAR, AND UNS N10002 ROUND BAR MANUFACTURER.