STELLITE 6 VIM+ESR ROUND BAR MANUFACTURING – ADVANCED COBALT-CHROMIUM-TUNGSTEN ALLOY FOR EXTREME WEAR, HEAT AND CORROSION SERVICE STELLITE 6 VIM+ESR ROUND BAR MANUFACTURING STELLITE 6 VIM+ESR ROUND BAR MANUFACTURING INVOLVES THE CONTROLLED PRODUCTION OF A COBALT-BASED COBALT-CHROMIUM-TUNGSTEN ALLOY ENGINEERED FOR SEVERE WEAR, GALLING, EROSION, CAVITATION AND HIGH-TEMPERATURE SERVICE. STELLITE 6 IS ONE OF THE MOST WIDELY RECOGNIZED COBALT-BASED WEAR-RESISTANT ALLOYS AND IS COMMERCIALLY ASSOCIATED WITH VALVE SEATS AND GATES, PUMP COMPONENTS, BEARINGS, EROSION SHIELDS AND OTHER DEMANDING INDUSTRIAL COMPONENTS. PARMANU DHATU NIGAM IDENTIFIES STELLITE 6 AS A COBALT ALLOY SUPPLIED IN ROD, CASTING, WIRE, ELECTRODE AND POWDER-METALLURGY FORMS UNDER DIFFERENT SPECIFICATIONS. FOR APPLICATIONS REQUIRING EXCEPTIONALLY CLEAN AND HOMOGENEOUS REMELTED MATERIAL, VIM+ESR MANUFACTURING COMBINES VACUUM INDUCTION MELTING (VIM) WITH ELECTROSLAG REMELTING (ESR). THE PROCESS IS DESIGNED TO PROVIDE CONTROLLED CHEMISTRY, REDUCED UNDESIRABLE IMPURITIES AND INCLUSIONS, IMPROVED INTERNAL SOUNDNESS AND ENHANCED METALLURGICAL CONSISTENCY. TYPICAL PROCUREMENT TERMINOLOGY INCLUDES: STELLITE 6 ROUND BAR, STELLITE 6 ROD, STELLITE GRADE 6 ROUND BAR, COBALT ALLOY 6 ROUND BAR, ALLOY 6 COBALT BAR, UNS R30006 ROUND BAR, COBALT CHROMIUM TUNGSTEN ROUND BAR, COCRW ROUND BAR, STELLITE 6 VIM BAR, STELLITE 6 ESR BAR, STELLITE 6 VIM+ESR BAR, COBALT ALLOY BAR, COBALT-BASED ALLOY ROUND BAR, HARDFACING ALLOY BAR, WEAR-RESISTANT COBALT ALLOY BAR, STELLITE 6 WELDING ROD, STELLITE 6 HARDFACING ROD, AND STELLITE 6 BAR MANUFACTURER. PARMANU DHATU NIGAM'S TECHNICAL INFORMATION IDENTIFIES UNS R30006 FOR STELLITE 6 ROD AND CASTINGS, AMS 5788 FOR ROD AND WIRE, AMS 5387 AND AMS 5373 FOR CASTINGS, AND AWS/ASME DESIGNATIONS FOR COMPATIBLE ROD, WIRE AND ELECTRODE FORMS. WHAT IS STELLITE 6? STELLITE 6 IS A COBALT-CHROMIUM-TUNGSTEN HARDFACING ALLOY WHOSE PERFORMANCE COMES FROM A COBALT-RICH MATRIX CONTAINING HARD CARBIDE PHASES. ITS COMBINATION OF CHROMIUM, TUNGSTEN AND CARBON PROVIDES HIGH RESISTANCE TO ABRASIVE WEAR, ADHESIVE WEAR, GALLING, EROSION AND CAVITATION. A TYPICAL CHEMISTRY ASSOCIATED WITH STELLITE 6 CONTAINS APPROXIMATELY 27–32% CHROMIUM, 3.5–5.5% TUNGSTEN AND 0.9–1.4% CARBON, WITH COBALT AS THE BALANCE AND CONTROLLED LEVELS OF NICKEL, IRON, MOLYBDENUM AND SILICON. THE EXACT ALLOWABLE COMPOSITION DEPENDS ON THE GOVERNING PRODUCT SPECIFICATION AND PRODUCT FORM. THE ALLOY IS VALUED BECAUSE IT CAN RETAIN USEFUL HARDNESS AND WEAR RESISTANCE AT ELEVATED TEMPERATURE WHILE PROVIDING CONSIDERABLY BETTER TOUGHNESS THAN EXTREMELY CARBIDE-RICH HARDFACING MATERIALS. STELLITE 6 INTERNATIONAL EQUIVALENTS AND DESIGNATIONS THE MOST IMPORTANT INTERNATIONALLY RECOGNIZED DESIGNATION FOR STELLITE 6 IS: UNS R30006 – STELLITE 6 / COBALT ALLOY 6 OTHER NAMES ENCOUNTERED IN ENGINEERING, PURCHASING AND MANUFACTURING LITERATURE INCLUDE: STELLITE 6 – COMMERCIAL DESIGNATION ASSOCIATED WITH PARMANU DHATU NIGAM STELLITE. ALLOY 6 – COMMONLY USED GENERIC/COMMERCIAL TERMINOLOGY. COBALT ALLOY 6 / COBALT 6 – GENERIC DESCRIPTIONS USED BY SUPPLIERS. GRADE 6 / STELLITE GRADE 6 – PURCHASING AND INDUSTRY TERMINOLOGY. CO-CR-W ALLOY / COCRW ALLOY – COMPOSITION-BASED DESCRIPTION. COBALT-CHROMIUM-TUNGSTEN ALLOY – GENERIC METALLURGICAL DESCRIPTION. COCRW-2 – DESIGNATION FOUND IN INTERNATIONAL CROSS-REFERENCE LITERATURE; THE PRECISE EQUIVALENCE SHOULD BE CONFIRMED AGAINST THE REQUIRED STANDARD AND PRODUCT FORM. WERKSTOFF 2.4778 – FREQUENTLY ASSOCIATED WITH THE STELLITE 6 / COCR28-TYPE FAMILY IN EUROPEAN MATERIAL REFERENCES. HOWEVER, A WERKSTOFF DESIGNATION SHOULD NOT AUTOMATICALLY BE TREATED AS AN INTERCHANGEABLE CERTIFICATION BASIS WITHOUT CHECKING THE EXACT APPLICABLE STANDARD. RUSSIAN-LANGUAGE REFERENCES ALSO ASSOCIATE STELLITE 6 / UNS R30006 WITH ГОСТ 21449-75, ВЗК / ПРВ3К-Н, ALTHOUGH PROCUREMENT SHOULD VERIFY THE SPECIFIC RUSSIAN PRODUCT STANDARD AND CHEMICAL REQUIREMENTS BEFORE SUBSTITUTION. IMPORTANT DISTINCTION: STELLITE 6 VERSUS STELLITE 6B STELLITE 6 AND STELLITE 6B ARE CLOSELY RELATED COBALT ALLOYS AND ARE SOMETIMES INCORRECTLY TREATED AS IDENTICAL MATERIALS. STELLITE 6B IS A WROUGHT GRADE AND SHOULD NOT AUTOMATICALLY BE SUBSTITUTED FOR EVERY STELLITE 6 CAST OR HARDFACING SPECIFICATION. THE MANUFACTURING ROUTE, PRODUCT CONDITION, MECHANICAL REQUIREMENTS AND GOVERNING SPECIFICATION MUST BE CHECKED BEFORE CLAIMING EQUIVALENCE. LIKEWISE, AN APPARENT INTERNATIONAL DESIGNATION SHOULD NOT BE INSERTED INTO A MATERIAL CERTIFICATE MERELY BECAUSE ITS NOMINAL CHEMISTRY LOOKS SIMILAR. STELLITE 6 APPLICABLE SPECIFICATIONS AND STANDARDS A MAJOR ADVANTAGE OF USING UNS R30006 AND AN APPLICABLE PRODUCT SPECIFICATION IS TRACEABILITY. PARMANU DHATU NIGAM'S PUBLISHED STELLITE 6 SPECIFICATIONS INCLUDE: UNS R30006 – ROD AND CASTINGS. AMS 5788 – STELLITE 6 ROD AND WIRE. AMS 5387 / AMS 5373 – STELLITE 6 CASTINGS. AMS 7239 – POWDER-METALLURGY PARTS. AWS A5.21 / ASME BPVC SECTION IIC SFA 5.21 ERCOCR-A – COBALT ALLOY ROD CLASSIFICATION ASSOCIATED WITH STELLITE 6. AWS A5.21 / ASME BPVC SECTION IIC SFA 5.21 ERCCOCR-A – COMPATIBLE COBALT ALLOY WIRE CLASSIFICATION. AWS A5.13 / ASME BPVC SECTION IIC SFA 5.13 ECOCR-A – ELECTRODE CLASSIFICATION ASSOCIATED WITH STELLITE 6 HARDFACING. FOR THERMAL-SPRAY OR POWDER HARDFACING APPLICATIONS, ISO 14920 IS ALSO ENCOUNTERED FOR COBALT-BASE HARDFACING ALLOY CLASSIFICATION. DIN HARD-SURFACING REFERENCES MAY ALSO APPEAR IN PURCHASING SPECIFICATIONS. EN 10204 IS COMMONLY USED AS A CERTIFICATION FRAMEWORK FOR METALLIC PRODUCTS, SUCH AS INSPECTION CERTIFICATE 3.1, WHEN SPECIFICALLY REQUIRED BY THE PURCHASE ORDER. IT IS A DOCUMENTATION STANDARD RATHER THAN A STELLITE 6 MATERIAL-EQUIVALENCE STANDARD. STANDARDS SHOULD BE MATCHED TO PRODUCT FORM THIS POINT IS CRITICAL FOR STELLITE 6 ROUND BAR MANUFACTURING. A CASTING SPECIFICATION IS NOT AUTOMATICALLY A WROUGHT-BAR SPECIFICATION. A WELDING-ROD SPECIFICATION IS NOT AUTOMATICALLY A FINISHED STRUCTURAL ROUND-BAR SPECIFICATION. A HARDFACING CLASSIFICATION SHOULD NOT BE REPRESENTED AS A GENERAL-PURPOSE BAR STANDARD UNLESS THE PURCHASING SPECIFICATION SUPPORTS THAT USE. THEREFORE, A PROFESSIONAL PURCHASE ORDER SHOULD IDENTIFY: UNS DESIGNATION + PRODUCT FORM + MANUFACTURING ROUTE + APPLICABLE MATERIAL SPECIFICATION + DIMENSIONS + HEAT-TREATMENT CONDITION + TESTING REQUIREMENTS + CERTIFICATION REQUIREMENTS. STELLITE 6 VIM+ESR MANUFACTURING PROCESS RAW MATERIAL SELECTION PRODUCTION BEGINS WITH CAREFULLY SELECTED COBALT, CHROMIUM, TUNGSTEN, CARBON-BEARING ADDITIONS AND PERMITTED ALLOYING ELEMENTS. CHARGE MATERIALS MUST BE SELECTED ACCORDING TO CLEANLINESS, COMPOSITION, TRACEABILITY AND COMPATIBILITY WITH THE REQUIRED FINAL CHEMISTRY. RECYCLED MATERIAL, WHERE PERMITTED, REQUIRES STRICT SEGREGATION AND ANALYTICAL CONTROL. THE OBJECTIVE IS TO PREVENT UNCONTROLLED RESIDUAL ELEMENTS FROM COMPROMISING: • WEAR RESISTANCE • CARBIDE MORPHOLOGY • HIGH-TEMPERATURE HARDNESS • CORROSION RESISTANCE • IMPACT RESISTANCE • HOT WORKABILITY • MACHINABILITY • ESR STABILITY VACUUM INDUCTION MELTING – VIM VACUUM INDUCTION MELTING, OR VIM, PROVIDES THE PRIMARY MELTING STAGE FOR PREMIUM-QUALITY STELLITE 6 VIM+ESR ROUND BAR. THE CHARGE IS MELTED UNDER CONTROLLED VACUUM OR CONTROLLED-ATMOSPHERE CONDITIONS. VACUUM PROCESSING CAN REDUCE EXPOSURE TO ATMOSPHERIC CONTAMINATION AND PERMITS CLOSE CONTROL OF ALLOYING ADDITIONS. DURING VIM, THE MANUFACTURER CONTROLS: CHEMICAL COMPOSITION MELT TEMPERATURE VACUUM LEVEL HOLD TIME ADDITION SEQUENCE DEOXIDATION BEHAVIOR SLAG AND INCLUSION CONTROL SAMPLING AND SPECTROMETRIC ANALYSIS THE OBJECTIVE IS A CLEAN AND COMPOSITIONALLY UNIFORM ELECTRODE SUITABLE FOR ESR. ELECTRODE PREPARATION THE VIM ELECTRODE IS PREPARED FOR ESR ACCORDING TO THE CUSTOMER'S REQUIRED BAR SIZE AND REMELTING STRATEGY. ELECTRODE INTEGRITY IS IMPORTANT BECAUSE UNSTABLE MELTING DURING ESR CAN INTRODUCE DEFECTS INTO THE REMELTED INGOT. TYPICAL CONTROLS INVOLVE ELECTRODE DIMENSIONS, SURFACE CONDITION, CHEMISTRY VERIFICATION, IDENTIFICATION, WELD QUALITY WHERE APPLICABLE AND TRACEABILITY BACK TO THE VIM HEAT. ELECTROSLAG REMELTING – ESR THE VIM ELECTRODE IS THEN REMELTED THROUGH AN ELECTRICALLY CONDUCTIVE SLAG SYSTEM. DURING ESR, METAL DROPLETS PASS THROUGH MOLTEN SLAG BEFORE SOLIDIFYING IN A CONTROLLED WATER-COOLED MOLD. THE ESR OPERATION CAN IMPROVE METALLURGICAL CLEANLINESS THROUGH CONTROLLED SEPARATION AND REFINEMENT OF NON-METALLIC INCLUSIONS WHILE PROMOTING A MORE UNIFORM INGOT STRUCTURE. IMPORTANT ESR PARAMETERS INCLUDE: ELECTRODE MELTING RATE ELECTRICAL CURRENT VOLTAGE SLAG CHEMISTRY ELECTRODE IMMERSION MOLD COOLING LIQUID-POOL DEPTH SOLIDIFICATION RATE INGOT WITHDRAWAL OR MELTING CONTROL FOR HIGH-INTEGRITY COBALT ALLOY PRODUCTS, THE COMBINATION OF VIM AND ESR IS VALUABLE BECAUSE VIM PROVIDES PRECISE PRIMARY CHEMISTRY CONTROL WHILE ESR PROVIDES AN ADDITIONAL REMELTING AND SOLIDIFICATION-CONTROL STAGE. ESR INGOT CONDITIONING AFTER ESR, THE INGOT IS INSPECTED AND CONDITIONED BEFORE CONVERSION INTO ROUND BAR. DEPENDING ON THE REQUIRED QUALITY LEVEL AND MANUFACTURING ROUTE, CONDITIONING CAN INCLUDE: SURFACE GRINDING PEELING DEFECT REMOVAL VISUAL EXAMINATION DIMENSIONAL INSPECTION ULTRASONIC INSPECTION WHERE SPECIFIED MACROSTRUCTURE EXAMINATION CHEMICAL VERIFICATION HEAT IDENTIFICATION AND TRACEABILITY THE PURPOSE IS TO PREVENT SURFACE OR NEAR-SURFACE IMPERFECTIONS FROM BEING CARRIED INTO SUBSEQUENT HOT-WORKING OR MACHINING OPERATIONS. HOT WORKING OF STELLITE 6 ROUND BAR STELLITE 6 HAS A CARBIDE-CONTAINING MICROSTRUCTURE, SO HOT-WORKING OPERATIONS MUST BE CLOSELY CONTROLLED. THE MANUFACTURER DEVELOPS A PROCESSING SCHEDULE BASED ON INGOT DIMENSIONS, REDUCTION RATIO, FORGING EQUIPMENT AND FINAL BAR DIAMETER. POTENTIAL CONVERSION PROCESSES INCLUDE: OPEN-DIE FORGING ROTARY FORGING HOT ROLLING COGGING RADIAL FORGING A CONTROLLED REDUCTION SCHEDULE HELPS BREAK DOWN THE CAST ESR STRUCTURE AND PROMOTES A MORE HOMOGENEOUS CROSS-SECTION. FOR PREMIUM STELLITE 6 VIM+ESR ROUND BAR, THE GOAL IS NOT SIMPLY DIMENSIONAL REDUCTION. METALLURGICAL OBJECTIVES INCLUDE CONTROLLING SEGREGATION, REFINING THE WORKING STRUCTURE, IMPROVING INTERNAL SOUNDNESS AND OBTAINING CONSISTENT CARBIDE DISTRIBUTION. HEAT TREATMENT STELLITE 6 IS DIFFERENT FROM PRECIPITATION-HARDENING NICKEL ALLOYS BECAUSE ITS PRIMARY WEAR PERFORMANCE IS STRONGLY ASSOCIATED WITH ITS CARBIDE-CONTAINING MICROSTRUCTURE RATHER THAN A CONVENTIONAL NICKEL-SUPERALLOY AGING SYSTEM. HEAT-TREATMENT REQUIREMENTS THEREFORE DEPEND HEAVILY UPON PRODUCT FORM AND SPECIFICATION. A CUSTOMER SHOULD SPECIFY WHETHER THE REQUIRED MATERIAL CONDITION IS: AS-CAST AS-FORGED SOLUTION-TREATED ANNEALED HOT-WORKED MACHINED OR ANOTHER DOCUMENTED CONDITION. HEAT TREATMENT SHOULD BE CARRIED OUT ACCORDING TO THE CONTROLLING MATERIAL SPECIFICATION OR AN APPROVED MANUFACTURER/CUSTOMER PROCEDURE RATHER THAN COPYING A GENERIC TEMPERATURE FROM AN UNRELATED COBALT GRADE. MICROSTRUCTURE OF STELLITE 6 THE CHARACTERISTIC STELLITE 6 MICROSTRUCTURE CONTAINS A COBALT-RICH MATRIX TOGETHER WITH HARD CARBIDE PHASES. CHROMIUM AND CARBON PROMOTE CHROMIUM-RICH CARBIDES, WHILE TUNGSTEN CONTRIBUTES TO STRENGTHENING AND CARBIDE FORMATION. THE EXACT CARBIDE MORPHOLOGY IS INFLUENCED BY: CHEMICAL COMPOSITION COOLING RATE INGOT SOLIDIFICATION ESR PARAMETERS HOT-WORKING REDUCTION HEAT TREATMENT FINAL PRODUCT SIZE MICROSTRUCTURAL EXAMINATION CAN THEREFORE BE AN IMPORTANT QUALIFICATION AND QUALITY-CONTROL STEP FOR PREMIUM VIM+ESR ROUND BAR. MECHANICAL AND WEAR PROPERTIES STELLITE 6 IS PARTICULARLY VALUED FOR ITS COMBINATION OF: HIGH WEAR RESISTANCE GALLING RESISTANCE EROSION RESISTANCE CAVITATION RESISTANCE CORROSION RESISTANCE HIGH-TEMPERATURE HARDNESS GOOD RESISTANCE TO MECHANICAL DEGRADATION USEFUL TOUGHNESS COMPARED WITH MORE HIGHLY CARBIDE-LOADED COBALT HARDFACING ALLOYS COMMERCIAL REFERENCES COMMONLY REPORT APPROXIMATELY 36–45 HRC FOR STELLITE 6 HARDFACING CONDITIONS, ALTHOUGH THE REQUIRED HARDNESS FOR A VIM+ESR ROUND BAR SHOULD BE ESTABLISHED AGAINST ITS SPECIFIC PRODUCT CONDITION AND PURCHASE SPECIFICATION RATHER THAN ASSUMED FROM DEPOSITED HARDFACING DATA. MACHINING STELLITE 6 ROUND BAR STELLITE 6 IS MACHINABLE, BUT IT IS NOT A CONVENTIONAL EASY-MACHINING ALLOY. THE HARD CARBIDES CAN ACCELERATE TOOL WEAR AND CREATE SIGNIFICANT MACHINING FORCES. SUCCESSFUL STELLITE 6 ROUND BAR MACHINING GENERALLY REQUIRES: RIGID MACHINE SETUPS SHARP, WEAR-RESISTANT CUTTING TOOLS CARBIDE TOOLING OR OTHER APPLICATION-APPROPRIATE TOOLING CONTROLLED CUTTING SPEEDS CONTROLLED FEEDS AND DEPTHS OF CUT ADEQUATE WORKPIECE SUPPORT EFFECTIVE CHIP EVACUATION CAREFUL PREVENTION OF EXCESSIVE WORK HARDENING MANUFACTURERS COMMONLY MACHINE STELLITE 6 USING CARBIDE TOOLING, ALTHOUGH THE EXACT CUTTING PARAMETERS DEPEND UPON THE SUPPLIED CONDITION AND BAR DIAMETER. QUALITY CONTROL FOR STELLITE 6 VIM+ESR ROUND BAR A HIGH-QUALITY STELLITE 6 VIM+ESR ROUND BAR MANUFACTURING PROGRAM SHOULD INCLUDE DOCUMENTED INSPECTION FROM RAW MATERIAL THROUGH FINISHED PRODUCT. CHEMICAL ANALYSIS POSITIVE-MATERIAL-IDENTIFICATION TESTING AND LABORATORY CHEMICAL ANALYSIS CAN CONFIRM COBALT, CHROMIUM, TUNGSTEN, CARBON AND RESIDUAL-ELEMENT CONTROL. TYPICAL ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES MAY INCLUDE: OPTICAL EMISSION SPECTROSCOPY X-RAY FLUORESCENCE COMBUSTION ANALYSIS FOR CARBON INDUCTIVELY COUPLED PLASMA ANALYSIS THE EXACT ANALYTICAL METHOD SHOULD COMPLY WITH THE APPLICABLE SPECIFICATION. ULTRASONIC TESTING WHERE REQUIRED BY THE PURCHASING SPECIFICATION, ULTRASONIC EXAMINATION CAN BE USED TO IDENTIFY INTERNAL DISCONTINUITIES. THIS IS PARTICULARLY RELEVANT TO HIGH-INTEGRITY ROUND BAR INTENDED FOR CRITICAL VALVE, ENERGY, AEROSPACE OR INDUSTRIAL SERVICE. SURFACE INSPECTION FINISHED STELLITE 6 BARS MAY BE INSPECTED FOR: CRACKS LAPS SEAMS GRINDING MARKS SURFACE INCLUSIONS SCALE MECHANICAL DAMAGE THE ACCEPTABLE DEFECT CRITERIA SHOULD BE DEFINED BEFORE PRODUCTION. DIMENSIONAL INSPECTION ROUND-BAR DIMENSIONAL CONTROL INCLUDES: OUTSIDE DIAMETER OVALITY STRAIGHTNESS LENGTH END CONDITION SURFACE FINISH DIAMETER TOLERANCE THE REQUIRED TOLERANCE SHOULD BE STATED ON THE PURCHASE ORDER RATHER THAN ASSUMED FROM A GENERIC BAR STANDARD. HARDNESS TESTING HARDNESS CAN BE TESTED USING ROCKWELL, BRINELL OR OTHER APPLICABLE METHODS DEPENDING ON PRODUCT SIZE, CONDITION AND SPECIFICATION. FOR HIGH-HARDNESS COBALT ALLOYS, THE TEST METHOD AND SURFACE PREPARATION MUST BE CONTROLLED TO PRODUCE MEANINGFUL RESULTS. METALLOGRAPHIC EXAMINATION METALLOGRAPHY CAN VERIFY: CARBIDE MORPHOLOGY CARBIDE DISTRIBUTION MATRIX STRUCTURE POROSITY SEGREGATION INCLUSIONS MICROSTRUCTURAL UNIFORMITY FOR VIM+ESR MATERIAL, METALLOGRAPHIC DOCUMENTATION CAN PROVIDE VALUABLE EVIDENCE OF REMELTING QUALITY AND PROCESSING CONSISTENCY. APPLICATIONS OF STELLITE 6 ROUND BAR STELLITE 6 ROUND BAR IS SELECTED FOR APPLICATIONS WHERE CONVENTIONAL STEELS AND STAINLESS STEELS CANNOT PROVIDE SUFFICIENT WEAR RESISTANCE. TYPICAL APPLICATIONS INCLUDE: VALVE COMPONENTS STELLITE 6 IS EXTENSIVELY ASSOCIATED WITH VALVE SEATS, GATES AND HARDFACED VALVE TRIM. IT IS USED IN HIGH-TEMPERATURE STEAM, PETROCHEMICAL, POWER-GENERATION AND SEVERE-SERVICE VALVE APPLICATIONS BECAUSE OF ITS RESISTANCE TO GALLING, EROSION AND WEAR. PUMP COMPONENTS STELLITE 6 CAN BE USED FOR PUMP SHAFTS, BEARING COMPONENTS AND WEAR SURFACES WHERE EROSION, CORROSION AND ABRASIVE SERVICE ARE PRESENT. OIL AND GAS EQUIPMENT SEVERE-SERVICE OIL AND GAS COMPONENTS CAN REQUIRE COBALT-BASED HARDFACING FOR: VALVE TRIM CHOKES SEATS GATES WEAR SURFACES FLOW-CONTROL COMPONENTS POWER GENERATION APPLICATIONS INCLUDE COMPONENTS EXPOSED TO: HIGH-TEMPERATURE STEAM CAVITATION EROSION REPEATED VALVE OPERATION HIGH-TEMPERATURE SLIDING CONTACT MINING AND MINERAL PROCESSING THE COMBINATION OF COBALT MATRIX TOUGHNESS AND CARBIDE HARDNESS MAKES STELLITE 6 USEFUL FOR SEVERE ABRASIVE ENVIRONMENTS. CHEMICAL AND PROCESS INDUSTRIES STELLITE 6 CAN BE SPECIFIED FOR WEAR SURFACES EXPOSED TO COMBINATIONS OF MECHANICAL WEAR AND CHEMICAL ATTACK. AEROSPACE AND HIGH-TEMPERATURE ENGINEERING COBALT-BASED WEAR-RESISTANT ALLOYS HAVE A LONG HISTORY IN DEMANDING HIGH-TEMPERATURE ENGINEERING APPLICATIONS WHERE WEAR RESISTANCE AND THERMAL STABILITY ARE REQUIRED. STELLITE 6 HARDFACING APPLICATIONS ONE OF THE HIGHEST-VALUE COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS ASSOCIATED WITH STELLITE 6 IS HARDFACING. IN HARDFACING, STELLITE 6 IS DEPOSITED ONTO A SUBSTRATE RATHER THAN NECESSARILY BEING USED AS A FULL SOLID COMPONENT. COMMON PROCESSES INCLUDE: GAS TUNGSTEN ARC WELDING GAS METAL ARC WELDING PLASMA TRANSFERRED ARC LASER CLADDING OXYFUEL HARDFACING SPRAY AND FUSE PROCESSES ELECTRODES AND OTHER WELD-DEPOSITION TECHNIQUES THE APPROPRIATE AWS/ASME CLASSIFICATION DEPENDS ON WHETHER THE CONSUMABLE IS ROD, WIRE OR ELECTRODE. PARMANU DHATU NIGAM SPECIFICALLY IDENTIFIES ERCOCR-A FOR ROD AND ECOCR-A FOR ELECTRODE FORMS. STELLITE 6 VERSUS SIMILAR COBALT ALLOYS STELLITE 6 SHOULD BE SELECTED ACCORDING TO THE DOMINANT SERVICE REQUIREMENT. STELLITE 1 GENERALLY EMPHASIZES EXTREMELY HIGH WEAR RESISTANCE AND HARDNESS. STELLITE 6 PROVIDES A WIDELY USED BALANCE OF WEAR RESISTANCE, GALLING RESISTANCE, EROSION RESISTANCE AND TOUGHNESS. STELLITE 12 PROVIDES A DIFFERENT CARBIDE BALANCE AND IS OFTEN SELECTED WHERE GREATER ABRASIVE WEAR RESISTANCE IS REQUIRED. STELLITE 21 IS A COBALT-CHROMIUM-MOLYBDENUM ALLOY WITH STRONGER EMPHASIS ON CORROSION, CAVITATION AND IMPACT BEHAVIOR. PARMANU DHATU NIGAM LISTS STELLITE 21 SEPARATELY AS UNS R30021 AND ASSOCIATED AWS/AMS SPECIFICATIONS. OTHER COBALT-BASED ALLOYS SUCH AS TRIBALOY GRADES MAY ALSO APPEAR IN SIMILAR WEAR-SERVICE DISCUSSIONS, BUT THEY SHOULD BE REGARDED AS ALTERNATIVE ALLOY FAMILIES RATHER THAN AUTOMATIC EQUIVALENTS TO STELLITE 6. COMMON TRADE AND PROCUREMENT NAMES GLOBAL BUYERS MAY SEARCH FOR STELLITE 6 UNDER SEVERAL DIFFERENT TERMS. HIGH-INTENT COMMERCIAL NAMES INCLUDE: STELLITE 6 STELLITE GRADE 6 STELLITE ALLOY 6 ALLOY 6 COBALT ALLOY 6 COBALT 6 COCRW ALLOY COBALT CHROMIUM TUNGSTEN ALLOY COBALT CHROME TUNGSTEN ROUND BAR UNS R30006 R30006 ROUND BAR STELLITE 6 ROUND BAR STELLITE 6 ROD STELLITE 6 BAR STELLITE 6 WELDING ROD STELLITE 6 HARDFACING ROD STELLITE 6 WEAR RESISTANT BAR STELLITE 6 VIM BAR STELLITE 6 ESR BAR STELLITE 6 VIM+ESR BAR THE TRADEMARK STELLITE IS ASSOCIATED WITH PARMANU DHATU NIGAM STELLITE, SO GENERIC DESCRIPTIONS SUCH AS “COBALT ALLOY 6” SHOULD BE KEPT DISTINCT FROM TRADEMARK CLAIMS. STELLITE 6 VIM+ESR ROUND BAR SIZES A VIM+ESR STELLITE 6 ROUND BAR CAN BE MANUFACTURED TO CUSTOMER REQUIREMENTS COVERING: SMALL-DIAMETER PRECISION BARS MEDIUM-DIAMETER ROUND BARS LARGE FORGED BARS CUT LENGTHS BLACK BARS PEELED BARS GROUND BARS CENTERLESS-GROUND BARS PRECISION-MACHINED BARS NEAR-NET-SHAPE FORGED STOCK THE AVAILABLE DIAMETER RANGE DEPENDS ON MELTING CAPACITY, ESR INGOT SIZE, FORGING EQUIPMENT, REDUCTION RATIO AND CUSTOMER SPECIFICATION. FOR AN INQUIRY, BUYERS SHOULD NORMALLY PROVIDE THE DIAMETER, LENGTH, TOLERANCE, SURFACE FINISH, PRODUCT CONDITION, TEST REQUIREMENTS AND CERTIFICATION REQUIREMENT. SURFACE FINISHES FOR STELLITE 6 ROUND BAR DEPENDING ON THE INTENDED APPLICATION, STELLITE 6 ROUND BAR MAY BE SUPPLIED WITH: HOT-FORGED SURFACE HOT-ROLLED SURFACE PEELED SURFACE GROUND SURFACE CENTERLESS-GROUND SURFACE MACHINED SURFACE POLISHED SURFACE PRECISION-FINISHED SURFACE SURFACE FINISH SELECTION HAS A DIRECT EFFECT ON MACHINING ALLOWANCE AND FINAL COMPONENT MANUFACTURING COST. WHY CHOOSE VIM+ESR STELLITE 6 ROUND BAR? VIM+ESR PROCESSING IS ATTRACTIVE WHEN THE PURCHASER NEEDS A HIGHER LEVEL OF METALLURGICAL CONTROL THAN A CONVENTIONAL MELT ROUTE CAN ECONOMICALLY PROVIDE. POTENTIAL ADVANTAGES INCLUDE: CONTROLLED ALLOY CHEMISTRY IMPROVED MELT CLEANLINESS REDUCED INCLUSION-RELATED RISK MORE CONSISTENT INTERNAL QUALITY CONTROLLED SOLIDIFICATION IMPROVED METALLURGICAL HOMOGENEITY ENHANCED TRACEABILITY PREMIUM-QUALITY FEEDSTOCK FOR DEMANDING COMPONENTS FOR CRITICAL APPLICATIONS, THE ACTUAL QUALITY ADVANTAGE SHOULD BE DEMONSTRATED THROUGH THE AGREED INSPECTION PLAN RATHER THAN ASSUMED MERELY BECAUSE THE PRODUCT IS LABELED “VIM+ESR.” STELLITE 6 ROUND BAR MANUFACTURER AND SUPPLIER REQUIREMENTS A QUALIFIED STELLITE 6 ROUND BAR MANUFACTURER SHOULD BE CAPABLE OF PROVIDING COMPLETE TRACEABILITY FROM RAW MATERIALS THROUGH FINAL INSPECTION. IMPORTANT DOCUMENTATION CAN INCLUDE: MATERIAL TEST CERTIFICATE HEAT NUMBER CHEMICAL ANALYSIS MECHANICAL TEST RESULTS WHERE APPLICABLE HARDNESS RESULTS HEAT-TREATMENT RECORDS ESR RECORDS WHERE CONTRACTUALLY REQUIRED DIMENSIONAL INSPECTION REPORT ULTRASONIC TEST REPORT WHERE SPECIFIED SURFACE INSPECTION REPORT METALLOGRAPHY WHERE SPECIFIED CERTIFICATE OF CONFORMITY EN 10204 3.1 INSPECTION CERTIFICATE WHEN ORDERED THIRD-PARTY INSPECTION DOCUMENTATION WHEN REQUIRED FOR EXPORT ORDERS, CUSTOMERS MAY ALSO REQUEST PACKING SPECIFICATIONS, COUNTRY-OF-ORIGIN DOCUMENTATION, COMMERCIAL CERTIFICATES AND INDEPENDENT LABORATORY VERIFICATION. HOW TO SPECIFY STELLITE 6 VIM+ESR ROUND BAR ON A PURCHASE ORDER A STRONG PURCHASING DESCRIPTION CAN BE STRUCTURED AROUND: “STELLITE 6 / UNS R30006 COBALT-CHROMIUM-TUNGSTEN ROUND BAR, VIM + ESR MELTED, [DIAMETER] × [LENGTH], [CONDITION], [SURFACE FINISH], CHEMICAL COMPOSITION TO AGREED SPECIFICATION, DIMENSIONAL TOLERANCES TO DRAWING, HARDNESS/TESTING AS SPECIFIED, FULL HEAT TRACEABILITY, INSPECTION CERTIFICATE REQUIRED.” FOR CRITICAL APPLICATIONS, THE BUYER SHOULD ADDITIONALLY IDENTIFY THE EXACT GOVERNING AMS, AWS, ASME, ASTM, ISO, DIN/EN, CUSTOMER OR PROPRIETARY SPECIFICATION INSTEAD OF USING “STELLITE 6” ALONE. GLOBAL KEYWORD CLUSTER FOR STELLITE 6 MANUFACTURING THE STRONGEST COMMERCIAL-INTENT KEYWORD FAMILY AROUND THIS PRODUCT INCLUDES: STELLITE 6 ROUND BAR STELLITE 6 BAR STELLITE 6 ROD STELLITE 6 ALLOY STELLITE 6 MATERIAL STELLITE 6 MANUFACTURER STELLITE 6 SUPPLIER STELLITE 6 EXPORTER STELLITE 6 STOCKIST STELLITE 6 UNS R30006 UNS R30006 ROUND BAR UNS R30006 ROD R30006 COBALT ALLOY COBALT ALLOY 6 ROUND BAR COBALT 6 ROUND BAR COBALT CHROMIUM TUNGSTEN ALLOY COBALT CHROMIUM TUNGSTEN ROUND BAR COCRW ROUND BAR STELLITE 6 HARDFACING STELLITE 6 HARDFACING ROD STELLITE 6 WELDING ROD STELLITE 6 WELDING WIRE STELLITE 6 WEAR RESISTANT ALLOY STELLITE 6 VALVE MATERIAL STELLITE 6 VALVE SEAT MATERIAL STELLITE 6 VALVE TRIM STELLITE 6 VIM STELLITE 6 ESR STELLITE 6 VIM+ESR STELLITE 6 FORGED BAR STELLITE 6 FORGED ROUND BAR STELLITE 6 PRECISION BAR STELLITE 6 MACHINING STELLITE 6 CHEMICAL COMPOSITION STELLITE 6 EQUIVALENT STELLITE 6 SPECIFICATION STELLITE 6 AMS 5788 STELLITE 6 AMS 5387 STELLITE 6 AWS A5.21 STELLITE 6 UNS R30006 SUPPLIER THESE KEYWORD GROUPS COMBINE BROAD ALLOY SEARCHES WITH HIGHER-VALUE TRANSACTIONAL TERMS SUCH AS MANUFACTURER, SUPPLIER, EXPORTER, ROUND BAR, ROD, SPECIFICATION, PRICE, STOCKIST, FORGED BAR AND HARDFACING. STELLITE 6 ROUND BAR PRICE FACTORS THE PRICE OF STELLITE 6 ROUND BAR DEPENDS ON CONSIDERABLY MORE THAN THE COBALT MARKET PRICE. MAJOR PRICE VARIABLES INCLUDE: COBALT AND TUNGSTEN PRICES RAW-MATERIAL PURITY VIM MELTING ESR REMELTING INGOT SIZE FORGING REDUCTION FINAL DIAMETER MACHINING ALLOWANCE SURFACE FINISH HEAT TREATMENT INSPECTION REQUIREMENTS ULTRASONIC TESTING THIRD-PARTY INSPECTION MINIMUM ORDER QUANTITY CERTIFICATION PACKAGING FREIGHT EXPORT DESTINATION MATERIAL AVAILABILITY CUSTOM ALLOY CHEMISTRY THE COMBINATION OF COBALT CONTENT, TUNGSTEN CONTENT AND PREMIUM VACUUM/ESR PROCESSING CAN MAKE STELLITE 6 SUBSTANTIALLY MORE EXPENSIVE THAN CONVENTIONAL STAINLESS OR CARBON-STEEL ROUND BAR. FINAL PERSPECTIVE STELLITE 6 VIM+ESR ROUND BAR IS A PREMIUM COBALT-BASED MATERIAL FOR APPLICATIONS WHERE ORDINARY STEELS, STAINLESS STEELS AND MANY NICKEL ALLOYS CANNOT PROVIDE AN ADEQUATE COMBINATION OF WEAR RESISTANCE, GALLING RESISTANCE, EROSION RESISTANCE, CAVITATION RESISTANCE AND HIGH-TEMPERATURE PERFORMANCE. THE MOST IMPORTANT GLOBALLY RECOGNIZED DESIGNATION IS UNS R30006, WITH COMMERCIAL TERMINOLOGY INCLUDING STELLITE 6, ALLOY 6, COBALT ALLOY 6 AND COBALT-CHROMIUM-TUNGSTEN ALLOY. PARMANU DHATU NIGAM IDENTIFIES AMS 5788 FOR STELLITE 6 ROD/WIRE AND AMS 5387/AMS 5373 FOR CASTINGS, WHILE AWS A5.21 / ASME SFA 5.21 ERCOCR-A IS ASSOCIATED WITH ROD HARDFACING APPLICATIONS. FOR PREMIUM STELLITE 6 ROUND BAR MANUFACTURING, VIM FOLLOWED BY ESR PROVIDES A CONTROLLED PRODUCTION ROUTE FOR DEMANDING APPLICATIONS WHERE CHEMISTRY, CLEANLINESS, TRACEABILITY AND INTERNAL QUALITY ARE IMPORTANT. THE FINAL SPECIFICATION SHOULD ALWAYS DISTINGUISH BETWEEN A SOLID ROUND BAR, CASTING, WELDING ROD, WIRE, ELECTRODE OR DEPOSITED HARDFACING MATERIAL. THE BEST PROCUREMENT DESCRIPTION IS THEREFORE NOT SIMPLY “STELLITE 6.” IT SHOULD IDENTIFY UNS R30006, PRODUCT FORM, VIM+ESR ROUTE, DIMENSIONS, CONDITION, APPLICABLE SPECIFICATION, INSPECTION REQUIREMENTS AND CERTIFICATION REQUIREMENTS. FOCUS TERMS: STELLITE 6 ROUND BAR MANUFACTURER, STELLITE 6 ROUND BAR SUPPLIER, STELLITE 6 VIM+ESR ROUND BAR, UNS R30006 ROUND BAR, COBALT ALLOY 6 ROUND BAR, STELLITE 6 ROD, STELLITE 6 HARDFACING ROD, COBALT CHROMIUM TUNGSTEN ROUND BAR, STELLITE 6 FORGED BAR, STELLITE 6 MATERIAL, STELLITE 6 EQUIVALENT, STELLITE 6 SPECIFICATION, AMS 5788 STELLITE 6, AWS A5.21 ERCOCR-A AND STELLITE 6 WEAR-RESISTANT ALLOY.